Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anthocyanins Extracted from Oryza sativa L. in Primary Dermal Fibroblasts

Abstract

<jats:p>Flavonoids are naturally active substances that form a large class of phenolic compounds abundant in certain foods. Black rice (<jats:italic>Oryza sativa</jats:italic> L.) contains high levels of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have beneficial effects on health owing to their antioxidant properties. The breakdown of collagenous networks with aging or skin deterioration results in the impairment of wound healing in the skin. Accordingly, reviving stagnant collagen synthesis can help maintain dermal homeostasis during wound healing. This study presents an assessment of the cellular activity of anthocyanins (ANT) extracted from <jats:italic>Oryza sativa</jats:italic> L., providing information necessary for the development of new products that support natural healing processes. The relative composition of ANT from <jats:italic>Oryza sativa</jats:italic> L. was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection. ANT promoted the migration of rat dermal fibroblasts (RDFs) and demonstrated antioxidant properties. ANT increased the mRNA expression of <jats:italic>collagen type I alpha 2</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>COL1A2</jats:italic>) and upregulated type I collagen protein levels in H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-stimulated RDFs without cytotoxicity. Compared with the untreated group, treatment of RDFs with ANT in the presence of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> led to the activation of signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Akt, whereas it significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>) inhibited the phosphorylation of I<jats:italic>κ</jats:italic>B<jats:italic>α</jats:italic> and suppressed the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<jats:italic>κ</jats:italic>B) subunits, p50 and p65, which are transcription factors responsible for inflammation. Taken together, our findings suggest that ANT from <jats:italic>Oryza sativa</jats:italic> L. have anti-inflammatory properties and antiaging potential by modulating type I collagen gene expression and suppressing H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-induced NF-<jats:italic>κ</jats:italic>B activation in skin fibroblasts.</jats:p>

Protective Effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (var. Ginpent) against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Motor Alteration in Mice

“…), followed by other flavonoids (such as flavonols, flavones, flavanones, and chalcones group), lignans, and phenolic acids (507, 418 and 211 mg/L eq., respectively). The polyphenols identified in our GP samples have shown the ability to modulate LPS-mediated inflammation, as reported by several authors [ 5 , 10 , 48 ]. Cyanidins, peonidins or malvidins and other derivatives have been identified and included in the group anthocyanins, also with O -glucosides modification that is important for the stability and activity of these compounds [ 49 ].…”

“…Cyanidins, peonidins or malvidins and other derivatives have been identified and included in the group anthocyanins, also with O -glucosides modification that is important for the stability and activity of these compounds [ 49 ]. Anthocyanins are important for the determination of colours in plants and show remarkable antioxidant properties [ 48 , 50 ]. In addition, anthocyanins prevent the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the administration of LPS, as observed by some authors [ 48 , 51 ].…”

“…Anthocyanins are important for the determination of colours in plants and show remarkable antioxidant properties [ 48 , 50 ]. In addition, anthocyanins prevent the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the administration of LPS, as observed by some authors [ 48 , 51 ]. Another polyphenol identified and worthy of interest is ferulaldehyde, a hydroxycinnamaldehyde found to be able to reduce the inflammatory response by reducing the release of cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and TNF-α, and by inhibiting the LPS-induced activation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in mice models [ 52 ].…”

“…This action can be associated with the multiple components identified in GP extract such as saponins, polyphenols and phytosterols. Indeed, many authors have reported the contribution of molecules belonging to these three classes in reducing inflammatory cytokines [ 22 , 23 , 37 , 38 , 48 , 56 , 60 , 67 , 72 ]. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory action of GP can be attributed to the ability of the entire phytocomplex to block the effects of LPS, as already observed in many other plant species [ 67 , 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Erratum to “Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anthocyanins Extracted from Oryza sativa L. in Primary Dermal Fibroblasts”

“…In the article titled “Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anthocyanins Extracted from Oryza sativa L. in Primary Dermal Fibroblasts” [ 1 ], the Western Blots in Figure 8(a) were duplicated in Figure 8(c) during the production process. The correct Figure 8(c) is shown below.…”