Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ginseng Berry Ethanol Extracts as a Cosmetic Ingredient

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of ginseng berry in cosmetics. Methods: Ethanol extract of ginseng berry was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging was used to determine the antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, and flavonoid content. Cell viability (MTT assay) confirmation was conducted to determine the toxicity, while the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. Results: The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 152±12.4 μg/mL and 50.16±1.48 μg/mL, respectively. DPPH scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL increased to 59.21±4.20%, 0.5 mg/mL to 69.27±2.38%, and 1 mg/mL to 89.30±1.25%. Cell viability evaluation showed a survival rate of 80.92±5.77% for 1 mg/mL concentration range for cell viability evaluation-0.125-1 mg/mL. The inhibitory effect of nitric oxide (NO) production through RAW 264.7 cells induced by inflammatory response with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in an extract concentration of 25.58±3.11 μM (0.25 mg/mL), 13.91±3.86 μM (0.5 mg/mL), and 3.91±1.55 μM (1 mg/mL). The increase in concentration confirms an antiinflammatory effect. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of ginseng berry has excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and can be a functional cosmetic material.

Investigation of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Activities of Lonicerae Flos, <i>Citri</i> Pericarpium and <i>Violae</i> Herba Complex (LCVC)

“…It is reported to be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections such as otitis media, tonsillitis, laryngitis, cutaneous suppuration, viral conjunctivitis, influenza, pneumonia, purulent infections 18,24) . The Violae Herba is a dried perennial herb belonging to the Violinaceae family, Violet, and the close root of its close relatives, and contains salicylic acid, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and various types of saponins 16) . It has been reported to be effective in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis 16,17) .…”

“…The Violae Herba is a dried perennial herb belonging to the Violinaceae family, Violet, and the close root of its close relatives, and contains salicylic acid, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and various types of saponins 16) . It has been reported to be effective in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis 16,17) . The Citri Pericarpium is the dried peel of the mature tangerine fruit of the tangerine tree, an evergreen small tree belonging to the Unhyeongdae family, and is used as a rich resource for inducing natural flavonoids 25) .…”

“…Pharmacologically, it exhibits various physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pain suppression, brain cell protection, and antibacterial action against various pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dermatococcus, and pneumococcus 16,17) . As the Citri Pericarpium has the effects of controlling qi, eliminating dampness (593) and phlegm, it has been prescribed as a drug to treat bloating, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, cough 18) .…”

Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of Cannabidiol from Cannabis sativa L. Obtained Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Cannabidiol Extract-based Cream

“…마우스로부터 유래한 대식세포 Raw 264.7 세포는 면역 항상성 유 지에 관여하며, 염증반응 시에 nitric oxide (NO)와 tumer necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 등의 사이토카인을 생산하여 초기 감염 방 어에 중요한 역할을 한다 (Hwang et al, 2014;Dong et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2023). 그러나 이들의 과다한 활성에 의한 과잉 생산으로 오히려 염증이 심화되어 인체에 유해한 방향으로 진행될 수 있다.…”

The Effect of Ginseng Flower Extract on the Skin Ageing Inhibition

“…, 줄기 (Nam et al, 2016), 열매 (Kim & Ko, 2020), (Yeom et al, 2010), 꽃 (Kim et al, 2013 (Yun, 2013;Jeong et al, 2014) (Choi et al, 2009). 또한 인삼꽃 발효물에 대한 항산화 활성 연 구에서 Bacillus subtili로 발효한 추출물에서 항산화 활성이 증 진되는 것으로 확인되었다 (Kim et al, 2013…”