Antioxidant activity of tryptophan in rats under experimental endotoxic shock

Bitzer-Quintero, Oscar Kurt; Dávalos-Marín, Airam Jenny; Ortíz, Genaro Gabriel; Meza, A.R. Del Angel; Torres-Mendoza, Blanca Miriam; Gaxiola-Robles, Ramón; Huerta, Verónica Chaparro; Beas‐Zárate, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2009.07.002

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In recent years, some of the postulated molecular mechanisms of sepsis progression are related to the imbalance between ROS production and scavenging by the cellular anti-oxidant system [5,[34][35][36]. Lots of studies have shown that excessive production of ROS and other free radicals in sepsis, such as H 2 O 2 , superoxides and NO, which are associated with inflammation, lead to a condition of oxidative stress and contribute to high mortality rates [6,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan oligosaccharides protect mice from LPS challenge by attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress

Qiao

2011

International Immunopharmacology

154

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan oligosaccharides protect mice from LPS challenge by attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress

Qiao

2011

International Immunopharmacology

154

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“…The administration of Trp has been shown to decrease experimental endotoxic shock-induced lipid peroxidation in rats(100). Of all amino acids, Trp exhibits the highest antiradical activity(101).…”

Section: Kynurenine Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is dysregulated in inflammation and immune activation

Liu²,

et al. 2015

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The kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is the major route for tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, and it contributes to several fundamental biological processes. Trp is constitutively oxidized by tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase in liver cells. In other cell types, it is catalyzed by an alternative inducible indoleamine-pyrrole 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) under certain pathophysiological conditions, which consequently increases the formation of Kyn metabolites. IDO is up-regulated in response to inflammatory conditions as a novel marker of immune activation in early atherosclerosis. Besides, IDO and the IDO-related pathway are important mediators of the immunoinflammatory responses in advanced atherosclerosis. In particular, Kyn, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and quinolinic acid are positively associated with inflammation, oxidative stress (SOX), endothelial dysfunction, and carotid artery intima-media thickness values in end-stage renal disease patients. Moreover, IDO is a potential novel contributor to vessel relaxation and metabolism in systemic infections, which is also activated in acute severe heart attacks. The Kyn pathway plays a key role in the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease by regulating inflammation, SOX, and immune activation.

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“…The antioxidant effects of edible lotus rhizomes have been attributed to tryptophan [24]. It has been proposed that tryptophan exhibits antioxidant activity in rats under induced endotoxic shock [25]. This amino acid has been proposed to be a powerful free-radical scavenger, naturally present in human milk [26], as well as the main antioxidant in human placenta extracts, which are able to suppress lipid peroxidation [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-radical scavenging by tryptophan and its metabolites through electron transfer based processes

2015

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Free-radical scavenging by tryptophan and eight of its metabolites through electron transfer was investigated in aqueous solution at physiological pH, using density functional theory and the Marcus theory. A test set of 30 free radicals was employed. Thermochemical and kinetic data on the corresponding reactions are provided here for the first time. Two different pathways were found to be the most important: sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) and sequential double proton loss electron transfer (SdPLET). Based on kinetic analyses, it is predicted that the tryptophan metabolites kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid are the best free-radical scavengers among the tested compounds; they were estimated to be at least 24 and 12 times more efficient than Trolox for scavenging (•)OOH. These findings are in line with previous reports suggesting that the antioxidant activity that has been attributed to tryptophan is actually due to its metabolites, and they demonstrate the particular importance of phenolic metabolites to such activity. Graphical Abstract Kynurenic acid (KNA) and xanthurenic acid (XNA) are the major contributors to the free-radical scavenging activity of tryptophan.

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Antioxidant activity of tryptophan in rats under experimental endotoxic shock

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Chitosan oligosaccharides protect mice from LPS challenge by attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress

Chitosan oligosaccharides protect mice from LPS challenge by attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress

Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is dysregulated in inflammation and immune activation

Free-radical scavenging by tryptophan and its metabolites through electron transfer based processes

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