Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity property of extracts from various coastal plants against HepG2 cell lines

Abstract

Reports have shown an upward trend for liver cancer in recent years. It is also one of the deadliest cancers globally due to its complexity in detection and treatment. Hence, there is an urgency to develop the anti-liver cancer agent from natural resources which is highly effective with minimum side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity property of extracts with different polarity solvents (hexane and methanol) obtained from coastal plants collected from Merang, Terengganu. Three species (Melaleuca leucadendra, Terminalia catappa, and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) were chosen due to their abundance and lacking anticancer studies performed on them. Green leaves were collected directly from the trees and extracted using hexane and methanol successively. Preliminary phytochemical tests (phenolic, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, alkaloid and glycoside) were performed on the extracts, followed by an antioxidant test based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Methanol extracts with high antioxidant property were continued for cytotoxicity study on HepG2 cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that all methanol extracts from all plants showed high antioxidant property (IC50: 0.83-1.62 mg/ml) and moderately cytotoxic activity (IC50: 24.7-28 µg/ml) against HepG2 cell lines. In contrast, hexane extracts showed very weak antioxidant activities. The highest activity was obtained by methanol extract of M. leucadendra (MLM), followed by T. catappa (TCM) and R. tomentosa (RTM), respectively. These promising results indicated that MLM could be a potential candidate for further study related to the antioxidant and cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell lines, such as for anti-liver cancer agent.

The Study of the Cytotoxicity, Proliferative and Microbiological Activity of the Medicated Chewing Gum with Ascorbic Acid and Lysozyme Hydrochloride Using Different Culture of Cells

“…These cells are sensitive to cytotoxic effects and are therefore widely used in test systems in original studies of promising pharmacological drugs [ 48 ]. When studying the systemic metabolism of drugs, cell lines of hepatocyte origin are used, such as the HepG2 cell line [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], which we used to determine the possible risks of the applied combination of ascorbic acid and lysozyme hydrochloride on SH-groups, TBA-active components, and catalase activity as important indicators of antioxidant protection. MAEC line was used as a model system that plays an important role in the endothelial barrier of drug permeability [ 52 , 53 ] to determine possible changes in the morphofunctional features of these cells under the action of ascorbic acid and lysozyme hydrochloride.…”

Review of Malaysian Medicinal Plants with Potential Anticancer Activity

“…In this study, it was found that the result of anticancer activity of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Senna alata (Gelenggang) varied between previous studies due to different types of cancer cell lines used by both studies: MCF-7 breast cancer cells and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines which then resulting in two different cytotoxic effects which are moderate and weak with IC 50 values at 47.11 µg/mL and 427.77 µg/mL, respectively (Madankumar et al, 2020;Kamarudin et al, 2021). Another study also reported that the different anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia (Mengkudu) fruit on different cancer cell lines: THP-1 human monocyte cell and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line resulting in different IC 50 values at 0.39 µg/mL (highly active) and 49.72 µg/mL (moderately active), respectively (Tsao et al, 2020;Vyn et al, 2020). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the same extract used on the different cancer cell lines might produce different results.…”