Antinociceptive evaluation of conventional anticonvulsant with conventional analgesics on pain model of albino rats and mice

Abstract

Background: Pain is one of the most common presentations of any disorder and needs immediate and appropriate attention of the treating physician. As pain syndrome involves a variety of etiopathogenesis and temporal domains, management of pain as such requires consideration of many factors that may dictate appropriate therapeutic management. Carabmazepine is an established drug for trigeminal neuralgia while Gabapentin has been tried in postoperative pain but its effectiveness per se and when compared to conventional analgesics needs to be evaluated.Methods: The present study was planned to study the analgesic effects of Gabapentin in various pain models like writhing and formalin test and to compare it with conventional analgesics like Diclofenac sodium and Tramadol in various acute pain models.Results: This study has been carried out in department of Pharmacology, HIMS, Dehradun, for evaluation of Gabapentin for its antinociceptive effect in rats and mice. In the writhing test, a reduction in number of writhes, though insignificant, was found in the Gabapentin pre-treatment group. However, in the first phase of Formalin test which is characterized by licking and biting, Gabapentin produced no significant effect in comparison to control values. In the second phase of leg raising (LR), all three drugs, i.e. Gabapentin and the two positive controls i.e. diclofenac and tramadol produced significant decrease (p< 0.05) in episodes when compared to the control group.Conclusions: Hence the result conclude that Gabapentin could be an effective analgesic drug in visceral and chronic pain in humans but not in acute pain as first phase of formalin test is model of acute and second phase denote chronic pain while writhing test is a model of visceral pain.

Comparison between the analgesic effect of Tizanidine, Diclofenac and Gabapbentin on experimentally induced acute and chronic pain in male albino rats

“…This conflict can be explained on the basis of lower oral doses used in Kansal's study 50mg/kg while in the current study higher doses of gabapentin 100mg/kg were used. Regarding diclofenac, the results of the present study are combatable with that of Agarwal and Kansal, (20) who found that diclofenac, at a dose of 5, 10 and 20mg/kg, i.p., produced significant analgesic effect in formalin test, both in phase (1 and 2). Concerning tizanidine, results of the present study cope with that obtained with Yazicioglu et al, (21) who concluded that the addition of tizanidine in postoperative pain therapy decreased postoperative pain, analgesic consumption and improved the return to normal activity.…”

The Safety Profile of Flunixin and its Pharmacological Effects in Chicks

“…Pain has an inflammatory component. In our research, flunixin meglumine has demonstrated important analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in chicks (using the formalin test).The formalin test is being used as an inflammatory model of tonic pain [24]. Subcutaneous paw injecting of formalin causes biphasic nociceptive reactions.…”

Analgesic Effect of Ziziphus abyssinica Involves Inhibition of Inflammatory Mediators and Modulation of KATP Channels, Opioidergic and Nitrergic Pathways

“…As such, the acetic-acid induced writhing test was used to further evaluate the analgesic effect of ZAE. This model is known to implicate both visceral and inflammatory pain ( Agarwal and Kansal, 2018 ). Intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid is known to activate pain sensation through a localized inflammatory response leading to the release of free arachidonic acid from tissue phospholipids via the activity of cyclooxygenase leading to increased production of prostaglandins (PGE 2 and PGF 2 ) in peritoneal fluids ( Uddin et al, 2018 ).…”