Antinociceptive Activity of the Ethanolic Extract, Fractions, and Aggregatin D Isolated from Sinningia aggregata Tubers

Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract (ESa), fractions, and compounds isolated from Sinningia aggregata in male Swiss mice on carrageenan-induced paw edema, neutrophil migration, mechanical hyperalgesia, formalin-induced nociception, and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever. The ESa did not alter edema, neutrophil migration, or fever at any of the doses tested. However, the ESa reduced phase II of formalin-induced nociception and carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions and aggregatin D (AgD; isolated from the EA fraction) reduced formalin-induced nociception. Anthraquinones from the PE fraction were ineffective. AgD also inhibited carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Neither the ESa nor AgD altered thermal nociception or motor performance. Local administration of AgD also reduced hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, bradykinin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, prostaglandin E2, and dopamine but not hyperalgesia induced by forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The positive control dipyrone reduced the response induced by all of the stimuli. Additionally, glibenclamide abolished the analgesic effect of dipyrone but not the one induced by AgD. AgD did not change lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by macrophages or the nociception induced by capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, acidified saline, or menthol. These results suggest that the ESa has important antinociceptive activity, and this activity results at least partially from the presence of AgD. AgD reduced mechanical hyperalgesia induced by several inflammatory mediators through mechanisms that are different from classic analgesic drugs.

Naphthoquinones of Sinningia reitzii and Anti-inflammatory/Antinociceptive Activities of 8-Hydroxydehydrodunnione

“…We are investigating this genus as part of a project of screening Brazilian Gesneriads, aiming at the isolation of new bioactive compounds. In previous studies we reported the isolation of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory compounds from Sinningia allagophylla , , as well as cytotoxic and antinociceptive compounds from S. aggregatta . , Recently, a bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-α-dunnione, a naphthoquinone with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, from the less polar extracts of S. canescens tubers . These results support the continuation of phytochemical and biological studies on Sinningia species.…”

Involvement of Opioid System and TRPM8/TRPA1 Channels in the Antinociceptive Effect of Spirulina platensis

“…The limitation of our study was the lack of control for algogenic injection (i.e., absolute control with the injection of the vehicles of each algogenic), which would be essential to evaluate how the behavior of animal’s changes compared to the absolute control and consequently, observe some partial effects. However, we and others have previously published reports related to algogenic injection with the same methodology used in this study [ 44 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ]. Moreover, the number of animals and the intensity of noxious stimuli used were the minima necessary to demonstrate consistent effects.…”

Antinoceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Ethanolic Extract, Fractions and Flavones Isolated from Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir (Leguminosae)

“…Several analgesics are used to treat a wide range of painful and inflammatory conditions, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [ 36 ], glucocorticoids [ 37 ] and opioids [ 38 ]. Despite the high diversity of available anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, their side effects and the ineffectiveness of some drugs for some conditions require the continuous search for new drugs [ 39 ]. Investigating plant–derived products is a vital way to discover effective and less toxic drugs [ 40 ].…”