Antinociception, Tolerance, and Physical Dependence Comparison Between Morphine and Tramadol

Miranda, Hugo F.; Pinardi, G.

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00123-3

Cited by 73 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Its efficiency and potency ranges between weak opioids and morphine [3]. Tramadol is rapidly absorbed orally; Tramadol has extensive tissue distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and Biochemical Effects of Acute & Chronic Tramadol drug Toxicity on Liver, Kidney and Testicular Function in Adult Male Albino Rats

2016

FRCIJ

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Background: Tramadol is becoming abused among teens; especially between males. The study aimed to investigate the histopathological and biochemical profiles of acute and chronic toxic effects of tramadol on hepatic, renal and testicular functions.Methodology: Sixty male adult albino Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Rats were divided into three groups. Group I: control. Group II: representing acute tramadol toxicity and group III: representing tramadol dependent use for 60 days.Results: Group II displayed hemorrhage and cytolysis in the hepatocytes. Group III showed complete cell membrane degeneration of hepatocytes. Renal tissues revealed glomerular hemorrhage in group II and atrophied glomerulus with collapsed tufts, degenerated tubules and cellular infiltration in group III. The testicular tissues revealed atrophy of seminiferous tubules with interstitial calcification in group II. Focal testicular degeneration, with a little evidence of spermatogenesis in group III. Biochemical indices showed significant increase in liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. The sex hormones levels were significantly increased for estradiol and prolactin, while there was a significant decrease in testosterone with a gradual reduction in luteinizing and follicular stimulating hormones.Recommendations: Designing a national awareness campaign to the youth to spotlights on the health hazards of tramadol abuse.

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“…Its efficiency and potency ranges between weak opioids and morphine [3]. Tramadol is rapidly absorbed orally; Tramadol has extensive tissue distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and Biochemical Effects of Acute & Chronic Tramadol drug Toxicity on Liver, Kidney and Testicular Function in Adult Male Albino Rats

2016

FRCIJ

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“…Thus, tramadol is a promising agent for the management of neuropathic pain, due to its complementary and synergistic pharmacological actions (21,22). Furthermore, the lower analgesic tolerance and dependence found in clinical (23,24) and pre-clinical studies (25) suggest that tramadol may be appropriate for long-term use such as for the treatment of neuropathic pain. However, although the acute analgesic effect of tramadol has been extensively investigated (26 -29), the long-term effect of this drug on neuropathic pain has not been well clarified (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive and Alleviative Effect of Tramadol on Neuropathic Pain in Rats: Roles of α2-Adrenoceptors and Spinal Astrocytes

et al. 2014

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Abstract.The acute analgesic effect of tramadol has been extensively investigated; however, its long-term effect on neuropathic pain has not been well clarified. In this study, we examined the effects of repeated administration of tramadol on partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Each drug was administered once daily from 0 -6 days (preventive effect) or 7 -14 days (alleviative effect) after the surgery. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated just before (preventive or alleviative effect) and 1 h after (analgesic effect) drug administration. Like morphine, first administration of tramadol (20 mg/kg) showed an acute analgesic effect on the developed mechanical allodynia, which was diminished by naloxone. Like amitriptyline, repeated administration of tramadol showed preventive and alleviative effects on the mechanical allodynia that was diminished by yohimbine, but not naloxone. The alleviative effects of tramadol lasted even after drug cessation or in the presence of yohimbine. Repeated administration of tramadol increased the dopamine b-hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the spinal cord. Furthermore, tramadol inhibited the nerve ligation-induced activation of spinal astrocytes, which was reduced by yohimbine. These results suggest that tramadol has both m-opioid receptor-mediated acute analgesic and a 2 -adrenoceptor-mediated preventive and alleviative effects on neuropathic pain, and the latter is due to a 2 -adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of astrocytic activation.

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“…Tramadol is less likely to induce tolerance in animals and humans compared with morphine because of its non-opioid mechanism of action [15]. Use of tramadol in dogs has gained popularity among veterinarians because the drug is perceived to be an effective analgesic, in easily administered, and has a longer duration of action and fewer adverse effects than most other opioids.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Effects of Tramadol in Dogs Anesthetized with Sevoflurane

Itami

Tamaru

Kawase

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Cardiovascular effects of tramadol were evaluated in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane. Six beagle dogs were anesthetized twice at 7 days interval. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was earlier determined in each dog. The dogs were then anesthetized with sevoflurane at 1.3 times of predetermined individual MAC and cardiovascular parameters were evaluated before (baseline) and after an intravenous injection of tramadol (4 mg/kg). The administration of tramadol produced a transient and mild increase in arterial blood pressure (ABP) (P=0.004) with prolonged increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (P<0.0001). Compared with baseline value, mean ABP increased significantly at 5 min (119% of baseline value, P=0.003), 10 min (113%, P=0.027), and 15 min (111%, P=0.022). SVR also increased significantly at 5 min (128%, P<0.0001), 10 min (121%, P=0.026), 30 min (114%, P=0.025), 45 min (113%, P=0.025) and 60 min (112%, P=0.048). Plasma concentrations of tramadol were weakly correlated with the percentage changes in mean ABP (r=0.642, P<0.0001) and SVR (r=0.646, P<0.0001). There was no significant change in heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.In conclusion, the administration of tramadol produces a prolonged peripheral vascular constriction in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane, which is accompanied with a transient and mild increase in arterial blood pressure. It also indicated that the degree of vasoconstriction might depend on the plasma concentration of tramadol.KEY WORDS: canine, cardiovascular effects, sevoflurane, tramadol.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 73(12): 1603-1609, 2011 Treatment with analgesic drugs reduces the amount of anesthetics required to produce surgical anesthesia, helps to stabilize anesthesia, and decreases overall patient morbidity associated with surgery and anesthesia [17]. Opioid administration decreases the amount of volatile anesthetics required to produce general anesthesia, as evidenced by decreases in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of volatile anesthetics [10,19].Tramadol is a centrally acting 'atypical' opioid analgesic and widely used in humans for control of acute and chronic pain [6,25]. Tramadol is less likely to induce tolerance in animals and humans compared with morphine because of its non-opioid mechanism of action [15]. Use of tramadol in dogs has gained popularity among veterinarians because the drug is perceived to be an effective analgesic, in easily administered, and has a longer duration of action and fewer adverse effects than most other opioids. It was demonstrated that tramadol administration decreased in the MAC of volatile anesthetics [28] and its preoperative administration provided an early pain control after ovariohysterectomy in dogs [13]. Tramadol produces a synergistic analgesic effect provided by a μ-opioid receptor affinity coupled with inhibitions of synaptic reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxyt...

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Antinociception, Tolerance, and Physical Dependence Comparison Between Morphine and Tramadol

Cited by 73 publications

References 20 publications

Histopathological and Biochemical Effects of Acute & Chronic Tramadol drug Toxicity on Liver, Kidney and Testicular Function in Adult Male Albino Rats

Histopathological and Biochemical Effects of Acute & Chronic Tramadol drug Toxicity on Liver, Kidney and Testicular Function in Adult Male Albino Rats

Preventive and Alleviative Effect of Tramadol on Neuropathic Pain in Rats: Roles of α2-Adrenoceptors and Spinal Astrocytes

Cardiovascular Effects of Tramadol in Dogs Anesthetized with Sevoflurane

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