Antimycobacterial Activity of the Red AlgaPolysiphonia virgata.

Abstract

The red marine alga (Polysiphonia virgata C. Agardh; Rhodomelaceae) was investigated for antimycobacterial activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane algal extract using direct bioautography resulted in isolation of a mixture of long-chain fatty acids, namely oleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid as the major antimycobacterial compounds. Oleic acid showed the greatest inhibition of the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis with a minimum inhibitory quantity (MIQ) of 0.8 µg; linoleic acid and lauric acid had MIQ values of 1.56 and 3.125 µg, respectively. Stearic acid, palmitic acid, and myristic acid did not inhibit the growth of M. smegmatis. Using the Bactec-460 radiometric method, oleic acid showed 100% inhibition of the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 25 µg/mL; lauric acid, myristic acid, and linoleic acid all showed 100% inhibition at MIC values of 50 µg/mL. Myristic acid and lauric acid showed 90% and 76% inhibition at 50 µg/mL. Linoleic acid showed moderate inhibition of the growth of a clinical strain of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis 50 µg/mL.

Enhancements of non-specific immune response in Mugil cephlus by using seaweed extract protection against Vibrio alginolyticus (BRTR07)

“…This result agrees with the report of Khotimchenko and Vaskovsky who suggested that fatty acids are a vital constituent of both terrestrial and marine plants [73,74]. The immunostimulation observed in the present study might be due to phytoconstituents of S. wightii which include palmitoleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, octadecanoic acids, cis-13-octadecenoic acid and cyclooctaneacetic acid.…”

The potential of South African plants against Mycobacterium infections

“…Coughs, chest ailments, fever (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962;Bryant, 1966;Hutchings et al, 1996;Mativandlela et al, 2008) Bark Alkaloids (Dictionary of Natural Products, 1996) Ethanol extract of leaves not active (Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) (Mativandlela et al, 2008) Rhodomelaceae Polysiphonia virgata C. Agardh --Fatty acids (Saravanakumar et al, 2008) Fatty acid mixture active (Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) (Saravanakumar et al, …”

“…Commercial standards of these fatty acids were obtained for subsequent analysis. Oleic acid was the most active against Mycobacterium smegmatis, with a minimum inhibitory quantity (MIQ) obtained using direct bioautography of 0.8 g, while linoleic and lauric acids had MIQ values of 1.56 and 3.13 g, respectively (Saravanakumar et al, 2008). Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Rv in the BACTEC method, oleic acid was 100% inhibitory at a concentration of 25 g/ml, and lauric, myristic and linoleic acids showed 98-100% inhibition at 50 g/ml (Saravanakumar et al, 2008).…”

“…The similar levels of activity, or lack of activity, against the two organisms in the cases of these isolated compounds and the crude extract of Garcinia polyantha is interesting. Saravanakumar et al (2008) investigated the red marine alga, Polysiphonia virgata (Rhodomelaceae), for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolating a mixture of long-chain fatty acids as the main active components. Commercial standards of these fatty acids were obtained for subsequent analysis.…”

Dodecanoic acid derivatives: Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and development of one-target and multi-target QSAR models

“…Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) and its derivatives have found to possess antibacterial (Rouse et al, 2005), antifungal (Rihakova et al, 2001), antitumour (Kato et al, 1971), anti-inflammatory (Calder and Grimble, 2002), antimycobacterial (Saravanakumar et al, 2008) and antiviral (Villamor et al, 2007) activities.…”