Antimycobacterial Activity of the Extract and Isolated Compounds From the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. and Perr.

Abstract

Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. and Perr. (Rutaceae) stem bark is used locally in Uganda for treating tuberculosis (TB) and cough-related infections. Lupeol (1), sesamin (2), trans-fagaramide (3), arnottianamide (4), ( S)-marmesinin (5), and hesperidin (6) were isolated from the chloroform/methanol (1:1) extract of Z. leprieurii stem bark. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data. Furthermore, the extract and isolated compounds were subjected to antimycobacterial activity. The extract exhibited moderate activity against the susceptible (H37Rv) TB strain, but weak activity against the multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB strain with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 586.0 and 1172.0 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 3 (trans-fagaramide) showed significant antimycobacterial activity against the susceptible (H37Rv) TB strain (MIC 6 μg/mL), but moderate activity against the MDR-TB strain (MIC 12.2 μg/mL). Compounds 2, 5, 6, and 1 showed moderate activities against the susceptible (H37Rv) strain (MIC 12.2-98.0 μg/mL) and moderate to weak activities against the MDR-TB strain (MIC 24.4-195.0 μg/mL). This study reports for the first time the isolation of compounds 1 to 6 from the stem bark of Z leprieurii. trans-Fagaramide (3) may present a vital template in pursuit of novel and highly effective TB drugs.

Isolation, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, Docking, ADMET and Drug Likeness Studies of Secondary Metabolites from the Stem Bark ofAnthocephalus cadamba(Roxb.)

“…Isolation and purification of compounds :Methanolic extract of A. cadamba stem bark reported only the triterpenoid saponins and alkaloids [17,18] . Hence, we have chosen extraction solvent of medium polarity i. e. DCM : MeOH (1 : 1) because the extracts obtained from medium polarity solvents have been reported to possess several phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, polyphenols and terpenoids [19] . A. cadamba stem bark was extracted with DCM : MeOH (1 : 1).…”

“…[17,18] Hence, we have chosen extraction solvent of medium polarity i. e. DCM : MeOH (1 : 1) because the extracts obtained from medium polarity solvents have been reported to possess several phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, polyphenols and terpenoids. [19] A. cadamba stem bark was extracted with DCM : MeOH (1 : 1). The concentrated DCM : MeOH (1 : 1) extract was fractionated sequentially with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol by liquid-liquid partition chromatography to yield three respective fractions.…”

Benzo[<i>c</i>]phenanthridine alkaloids and glycosylated flavonoids from the roots of <i>Zanthoxylum gilletii</i> (Rutaceae)

“…Further chemotaxonomic insights of the study have been deduced from the presence of the other compounds isolated during the current investigation of the roots of Z. gilletii. Unsurpingsly, the lignan sesamin has been isolated during our investigation as one of the major compounds and it has been mainly reported from several species of the genus Zanthoxylum including Z. chalybeum, Z. paracanthum, Z. leprieurii, Z. rigidum, Z. paracanthum, Z. zanthoxyloides, Z. nitidum and Z. heitzii (Andima et al, 2020;Chakthong et al, 2019;Kaigongi et al, 2020;Muema et al, 2021;Oloya et al, 2021;Omosa et al, 2022;Santos et al, 2020;Wangensteen et al, 2016).…”

Phytochemical screening, antimycobacterial activity and acute toxicity of crude extracts of selected medicinal plant species used locally in the treatment of tuberculosis in Uganda

“…Studies have reported that many classes of phytochemicals have antimycobacterial activity. For example, alkaloids such as ambiguine K, ambiguine A isonitrile, ambiguine C isonitrile, ambiguine E isonitrile, ambiguine I isonitrile, trans -fagaramide, hapalindole G, hapalindole H, hydroxy-1, 3-dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone, and solsodomine A, isolated from the berries of Solanum sodomaeum , stem bark of Z. leprieurii and the Cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua , have antimycobacterial activities [ 7 , 8 , 32 , 33 ]. Jujubogenin 3- O -α- l- arabinofuranosyl (1 → 2)-[3- O -( trans )- p -coumaroyl- β - d -glucopyranosyl (1 → 3)]-α- l -arabinopyranoside, a saponin isolated from Colubrina retusa , also showed antimycobacterial activity [ 34 ].…”

“…From history, the most outstanding sources of new anti-TB drugs have been natural products, although there are other potential sources, such as synthetic and combinatorial chemistry [ 6 ]. Moreover, some studies have shown that plants have antimycobacterial activity and contain antimycobacterial compounds [ 7 – 10 ]. From ethnopharmacological surveys, the leaves, stem, or root barks of the following medicinal plant species, selected for investigation in this study, have been used to manage TB by the local people in Uganda: Acacia hockii , Albizia coriaria , Combretum molle, Warburgia ugandensis , and Zanthoxylum leprieurii [ 11 – 15 ].…”