Antimutagenic activity of extracts of natural substances in the Salmonella/microsome assay

Abstract

Scientific information regarding plants used in folk medicine in the form of teas and their effect on human health or on genetic material has been the subject of many different types of investigation. The antimutagenic activity of two plants Maytenus ilicifolia and Peltastes peltatus, both rich in compounds of the flavonoid and tannin groups and frequently employed in folk medicine, was studied. Antimutagenicity was determined against known mutagenic substances (4-oxide-1-nitroquinoline, sodium azide, 2-nitrofluorene, aflatoxin B(1), 2-aminofluorene and 2-aminoanthracene), using the Salmonella/microsome assay. Infusions of P.peltatus showed high cytotoxicity and a co-mutagenic effect for induction of base pair substitution mutations with 4-oxide-1-nitroquinoline (-S9 mix). Infusions of M.ilicifolia produced similar effects for frameshift and base pair substitution mutations. With the mutagens 2-nitrofluorene (TA98) and sodium azide (TA100) no significant enhancement effects (co-mutagenic effects) were observed and inhibition of mutagenic activity and cytotoxicity were also diminished. In assays evaluating antimutagenic activity in the presence of metabolic activation utilizing S9 mix, high and significant inhibition of aflatoxin B(1)-, 2-aminofluorene- and 2-aminoanthracene-induced mutagenicity was observed in the presence of the infusions using both TA98 and TA100 and employing doses ranging from 25 to 500 mg/plate. Seventy-five percent of the doses tested exhibited a significant or suggestive decrease in induced mutagenicity with the infusion of M.ilicifolia. With the infusion of P.peltatus significant or suggestive antimutagenic responses were observed with 50% of the doses evaluated. Complexity was clearly noted in the responses observed in the interaction of aqueous extracts of M.ilicifolia and P.peltastes with the genetic material and metabolites generated by the S9 mix played an important role in the protection of DNA.

MODULATION OF CARCINOGEN-METABOLIZING ENZYME BY MADINAH MINT (Mentha spp) IN RAT LIVER

“…In addition BWME showed to reduce the activity of O-deethylation of the ethoxyresorufin, which operates as a diagnostic probe for CYP1A1 activity, although it is also metabolized by CYP1A2 [Wadsworth et al, 2001]. Similarly, administration of BWME caused a marked decrease in the Odepentylation of pentoxyresorufin, which is selectively catalyzed by the CYP2B sub family [Horn and Vargas, 2003]. There is a significant decrease in the hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol, which is catalyzed by CYP2E following to BWME for six weeks [Ga Ayoola et al, 2008].…”

The Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Canarium odontophyllum (Dabai) Acetone Leaves Extracts

“…They reported presence of flavonoids and tannins or their derivatives in the samples were previously described as possessing antimutagenic properties by interfering the mutagen activation (Horn & Vargas, 2003). Therefore, high content of tannin from the acetone leaves extract of C. odontophyllum could possibly responsible for its significant antimutagenic effect towards the mutagen used in the Ames test.…”

“…Based on previous studies, it was reported that the mutagenicity inhibition rate was found to be effective in the presence of metabolic activation system (Horn & Vargas, 2003). Metabolic activation system was prepared from 9000 g supernatant fraction of rat livers homogenate induced with Aroclor 1254 enzyme (OECD, 1997).…”

Evaluation of antimutagenic and protective effects of Parkinsonia aculeata L. leaves against H2O2 induced damage in pBR322 DNA

“…Several researchers have used the Salmonella typhimurium assay to examine the antimutagenic activity of plants used in traditional medicines (Horn and Vargas 2003;Reid et al 2006;Verschaeve and van Staden 2008;Zahin et al 2010;Unlu et al 2010;Tsai et al 2012). Hung et al 2009 classified mutagenesis inhibitors into three categories on the basis of their modes of action viz.…”