Antimony (Sb) – pollution and removal techniques – critical assessment of technologies

Mubarak, Hussani; Chai, Liyuan; Mirza, Nosheen; Yang, Zhihui; Pervez, Arshid; Tariq, Madiha; Shaheen, Shahida; Mahmood, Qaisar

doi:10.1080/02772248.2015.1095549

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Similarly, at pH 8, part of the Sb(III) appears in the Sb(OH) 4 − form, which is repulsed by the negatively charged surface of FeOOH. In the case of Sb(V), Sb(OH) 6 − is the dominant form in the examined pH range (5)(6)(7)(8). Therefore, adsorption efficiency is stable at the pH range of 5-6, where the FeOOH surface is positively charged but decreases significantly as the water pH approaches IEP and diminishes at water pH 8 where the FeOOH surface becomes negatively charged, thus repulsing antimonate oxyanions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The reaction setup was pumped with a 40 g/L FeSO 4 ·H 2 O solution at a 10 L/h rate, whereas redox potential and pH were regulated by the addition of drops of H 2 O 2 (50% w/w) and NaOH (30% w/w), respectively. Particularly, in each synthesis, the pH was set at a constant value (4,7,9) and for this condition the redox potential was controlled to the corresponding maximum point, before oxygen bubbles appear, i.e., from +410 to +170 mV for the specific pH range. Formed solids were collected from the outflow of the system and thickened using an Imhoff tank.…”

Section: Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Sb species form inner-sphere complexes when adsorbed on a FeOOH surface [22]. However, the literature results suggest that the adsorption of Sb(III) is almost independent of the applied pH value, whereas the adsorption capacity for Sb(V) significantly drops as the pH increases within the pH range of natural waters (6)(7)(8) and decreases further in the presence of certain competing anions such as phosphates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of methods have been proposed for the removal of Sb from water, with most of them being adapted by similar approaches as applied in the case of arsenic removal. In summary, coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, ion-exchange, membrane separation and bioremediation techniques are commonly discussed in the respective literature studies [6,7]. Coagulation and co-precipitation methods usually incorporate the use of low-cost ferric or aluminum salts to successively capture both Sb(III) and Sb(V) species [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of Iron-Based Oxy-Hydroxides in Removing Antimony from Groundwater to Levels below the Drinking Water Regulation Limits

et al. 2017

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This study evaluates the efficiency of iron-based oxy-hydroxides to remove antimony from groundwater to meet the requirements of drinking water regulations. Results obtained by batch adsorption experiments indicated that the qualified iron oxy-hydroxide (FeOOH), synthesized at pH 4 for maintaining a high positive charge density (2.5 mmol OH − /g) achieved a residual concentration of Sb(III) below the EU drinking water regulation limit of 5 µg/L by providing an adsorption capacity of 3.1 mg/g. This is more than twice greater compared either to similar commercial FeOOHs (GFH, Bayoxide) or to tetravalent manganese feroxyhyte (Fe-MnOOH) adsorbents. In contrast, all tested adsorbents failed to achieve a residual concentration below 5 µg/L for Sb(V). The higher efficiency of the qualified FeOOH was confirmed by rapid small-scale column tests, since an adsorption capacity of 3 mg Sb(III)/g was determined at a breakthrough concentration of 5 µg/L. However, it completely failed to achieve Sb(V) concentrations below 5 µg/L even at the beginning of the column experiments. The results of leaching tests classified the spent qualified FeOOH to inert wastes. Considering the rapid kinetics of this process (i.e., 85% of total removal was performed within 10 min), the developed qualified adsorbent may be promoted as a prospective material for point-of-use Sb(III) removal from water in vulnerable communities, since the adsorbent's cost was estimated to be close to 30 ± 3.4 €/10 3 m 3 for every 10 µg Sb(III)/L removed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of Iron-Based Oxy-Hydroxides in Removing Antimony from Groundwater to Levels below the Drinking Water Regulation Limits

et al. 2017

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“…Antimony, a metalloid of molecular weight 121.75, is considered a toxic element and pollutant of concern whose increasing emissions are due to industrialization and mining [1,2]. According to Mubarak et al [3], the resulting carcinogenicity of such pollution requires the removal of this metalloid from the ecosystem. Therefore, the development of a remediation strategy for antimony-contaminated soils is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidative Enzyme Responses to Antimony Stress of Serratia marcescens – an Endophytic Bacteria of Hedysarum pallidum Roots

Laouar¹,

Mechakra²,

Rodrigue³

et al. 2019

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Studies on bacterial endophytes resistant to antimony (Sb), a pollutant deemed alarming, are virtually non-existent. An endophytic bacterial strain showing resistance to high antimony concentrations was isolated for the first time from the roots of Hedysarum pallidum Desf., a Sb accumulator Fabacea growing on mining spoils. With the combined use of morphological, biochemical and molecular methods, the isolated strain was identified as Serratia marcescens species. It showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to its growth at 450 mM of Sb. In the presence of excessive concentrations of Sb, corresponding to 30 mM of Sb, i.e., 3652.8 mg/L of Sb, the strain maintained important growth compared to the control. The Sb toxicity caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) amount and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The oxidative stress induced significant increases (p<0.05) in the strain antioxidant biomarkers such as proline, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significant and positive correlations (p<0.05) were found between oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers and between antioxidant biomarkers, highlighting the interrelationships between them in oxidative stress fighting. Results show an important adaptation of the strain to high Sb levels that can be used in the Sb-contaminated soils bioremediation.

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Removal of antimony by dissimilatory and sulfate‐reducing pathways in anaerobic packed bed bioreactors

Ramírez‐Patiño

Pérez‐Trevilla

Cervantes

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Antimony is a toxic and potentially carcinogenic metalloid widely used in industry, whose untreated wastewater could lead to water body pollution. Antimony-reduced species tend to precipitate in the form of minerals. The biological reduction of antimonate to antimonite occurs under anaerobic conditions by two extracellular pathways: dissimilatory biological reduction and reaction with dissolved H 2 S in sulfate-reducing systems. The objective of this study was to determine antimonate removal from synthetic wastewater by dissimilatory and sulfate-reducing pathways in anaerobic packed bed reactors. RESULTS: The average antimony removal was 28.4% and 58.8% for the dissimilatory and sulfate-reducing processes, respectively. At the end of the experiment, X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the presence of valentinite in the dissimilatory reactor, and struvite, valentinite, and kermesite in the sulfate-reducing reactor, being a crystal form resulting from stibnite oxidation by exposure to environmental conditions. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of genera Geobacter and Pseudomonas, associated with the dissimilatory reduction, and a high abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the sulfate-reducing reactor. In the dissimilatory reactor, there was a dominance of the genus Dysgonomonas, which could play a key role in the redox transformation of the metalloid. CONCLUSION: Antimony removal has been obtained in dissimilatory and sulfate-reducing processes. Valentinite was observed in the dissimilatory reactor, and struvite, valentinite, and kermesite in the sulfate-reducing reactor. Phylogenetic analysis showed differences between both processes, with a possible key genus acting in the antimony transformation.

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Antimony (Sb) – pollution and removal techniques – critical assessment of technologies

Cited by 48 publications

References 158 publications

Efficiency of Iron-Based Oxy-Hydroxides in Removing Antimony from Groundwater to Levels below the Drinking Water Regulation Limits

Efficiency of Iron-Based Oxy-Hydroxides in Removing Antimony from Groundwater to Levels below the Drinking Water Regulation Limits

Antioxidative Enzyme Responses to Antimony Stress of Serratia marcescens – an Endophytic Bacteria of Hedysarum pallidum Roots

Removal of antimony by dissimilatory and sulfate‐reducing pathways in anaerobic packed bed bioreactors

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