Antimony-doped tin oxide powders:

Synthesis of nano-sized antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) particles using a DC arc plasma jet

“…This change in the ATO color is attributed to the provision of additional electrons blow the conduction band (transition state) in SnO 2 matrix by the Sb ions of doped state in the SnO 2 lattice. It thus induces color due to the property of ready excitation of the additional electrons [4,5,20]. …”

“…However, the content of oxygen vacancies in SnO 2 is typically difficult to control. Tin oxide doped with Sb, Mo, and F has been studied in the past due to the unique properties of the doped tin oxide such as preferable conductivity and transparency in visible light wavelength range [3][4][5]. In particular, Sb is considered the best dopant due to its stability.…”

Electrochromic Systems and the Prospects for Devices

“…Similar electrochromes to those in their mirrors we surmise are in use by Gentex. [12] For window purposes the systems are undergoing extensive sunlight-exposure tests in Arizona on larger expanses of the double-wall glass cells of size 11² 14², i.e., 28 35 cm 2 (Fig. 2); these dim from 80 % transmission to 4 % transmission in a few minutes, and a sample tested for over a year in Florida appears in Figure 3.…”

“…Coleman et al [27,28] report a notable process for printing displays, which could find a wide range of applications. It employs the highly electrochromic and rapidly responding antimony-doped tin oxide, ATO (Sec.…”

“…A highly promising new electrochrome meriting special mention is Coleman et al's [27,28] ATO, of which the applicability in printable displays on polyester film has already been noted in Section 3.6.…”