Antimony Containing Drug and ECG Abnormalities in Children with Visceral Leishmaniasis

Zanoni, Lourdes Zélia; Brustoloni, Yvone Maia; Melnikov, Petr; Consolo, C

doi:10.1007/s12011-009-8387-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, long hospitalization periods, toxicity (cardiac toxicities, arthralgia, etc. ), and daily painful injections have limited its use [ 155 – 157 ]. These limitations lead to inadequate medical care and patient compliance.…”

Section: Classical Therapeutics Of Pkdl and Its Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program

et al. 2020

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Leishmaniasis remains a public health concern around the world that primarily affects poor folks of the developing world spanning across 98 countries with mortality of 0.2 million to 0.4 million annually. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is the late skin manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It has been reported that about 2.5% to 20% of patients recovered from VL develop PKDL having stilted macular or nodular lesions with parasites. In the Indian subcontinent (ISC), it manifests a few months after recovery from VL, though in Africa it can occur simultaneously with VL or a little later. New cases of PKDL are also observed without prior VL in the ISC. These individuals with PKDL represent an important but largely neglected reservoir of infection that perpetuates anthroponotic Leishmania donovani transmission in the ISC and can jeopardize the VL elimination program as these cases can infect the sand flies and spread the endemic. Therefore, it becomes imperative to eradicate PKDL as a part of the VL elimination program. With the limited treatment options besides little knowledge on PKDL, this review stands out in focusing on different aspects that should be dealt for sustained VL elimination.

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Section: Classical Therapeutics Of Pkdl and Its Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program

et al. 2020

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“…Other studies also reported SSG-related cardiac toxicties. 28 , 29 This is one of the reasons why PKDL patients usually do not seek medical care, and treatment compliance is frequently low when they receive SSG treatment. 8 Thus, a safe, effective, and affordable treatment regimen for PKDL with shorter duration is urgently needed.…”

Section: Challenges For Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Case Manamentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for management of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and future directions

Mondal¹,

Hamano²,

Hasnain³

et al. 2014

RRTM

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Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin complication resulting from infection with Leishmania donovani (LD) parasite. It mostly affects individuals who have previously suffered from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by LD. In some cases, PKDL develops among people infected with LD, but do not show any symptoms of VL. Clinical presentation includes hypopigmented macules/papules/nodules or polymorphic lesions (combination of two or more lesions). Except for skin lesions, PKDL patients are generally healthy and usually do not seek medical care. These patients play an important role in interepidemic transmission of the infection and subsequent VL outbreak. Therefore, proper diagnosis and treatment of PKDL patients is important for the control of VL in endemic countries, especially in the Indian subcontinent where VL is anthroponotic. Here, we report the challenges in the estimation of PKDL burden, its diagnosis, and treatment, and suggest possible solutions based on recent literature, reports, published manuals, and web-based information.

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“…Approximately 80% of an oral or intravenous dose of eflornithine is excreted unchanged via the kidneys [28]. As there are no data available to determine whether excretion is via active tubular secretion or glomerular filtration, there is potential for competition with tenofovir, lamivudine, emtricitabine or stavudine for active renal transport mechanisms, which may lead to increased levels of either drug.…”

Section: Eflornithinementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug–drug interactions between antiretrovirals and drugs used in the management of neglected tropical diseases

Seden

Khoo

Back

et al. 2013

Aids

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The group of infections known as the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) collectively affect one billion people worldwide, equivalent to one-sixth of the world's population. The NTDs cause severe physical and emotional morbidity, and have a profound effect on cycles of poverty; it is estimated that NTDs account for 534 000 deaths per year. NTDs such as soil-transmitted helminth infections and the vector-borne protozoal infections leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis occur predominantly in the most economically disadvantaged and marginalized communities. It is estimated that all low-income countries harbour at least five of the NTDs simultaneously. NTDs are neglected because they do not individually rank highly in terms of mortality data, and because they affect populations with little political voice. There is considerable geographic overlap between areas with high prevalence of NTDs and HIV, raising the possibility of complex polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions. Antiretrovirals pose a particularly high risk for potential drug-drug interactions, which may be pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic in nature and can result in raising or lowering plasma or tissue concentrations of co-prescribed drugs. Elevated drug concentrations may be associated with drug toxicity and lower drug concentrations may be associated with therapeutic failure. The aim of this paper is to review the currently available data on interactions between antiretrovirals and drugs used in the management of NTDs. It is intended to serve as a resource for policy makers and clinicians caring for these patients, and to support the recent WHO 2020 Roadmap and the 2012 London Declaration on NTDs.

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Antimony Containing Drug and ECG Abnormalities in Children with Visceral Leishmaniasis

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program

Challenges for management of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and future directions

Drug–drug interactions between antiretrovirals and drugs used in the management of neglected tropical diseases

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