Antimicrobial triterpenes from Ilex integra and the mechanism of antifungal action

Abstract

Antimicrobial triterpenes were isolated from the fruits of Ilex integra. Their structures were elucidated by spectral data and identified as rotundic acid (1), ulsolic acid (2) and peduncloside (3). Triterpene 1 showed significantly broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. The antifungal activity of 1 was reversed by fatty acids. Cellular constituents leaked from Candida albicans cells incubated with triterpene 1. These results suggest that the antimicrobial activity of triterpenes in I. integra is due to a change of membrane permeability arising from membrane lipid alteration.

Phytochemical and antifungal activity of anthraquinones and root and leaf extracts of Coccoloba mollis on phytopathogens

“…The results suggested that the antifungal activity correlated with the presence of triterpenes, such as taraxerone. This activity could be due to a change in membrane permeability arising from the membrane lipid alteration (Haraguchi et al, 1999). The statistical comparison of the results on the antifungal activity of emodin, physcion and C. molis root extract against B. ribis versus B. rhodina yielded p values of 0.338, 0.571 and 1.00, respectively.…”

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts ofCrocus sativusL.c.v. Kashmirianus

“…The bioactive substances present in plant extracts may be different, so the antioxidant activities cannot be evaluated by a single method; therefore, five different antioxidant models were used in this study (Ganaie et al 2012). The antioxidant ability of plant extracts is determined in the DPPH method by a decrease in absorption strength, as indicated by discoloration (yellow colour) from original purple coloured complex (Haraguchi et al 1999). The radical scavenging activities of stigma extract, callus extract and BHT at 500 µ gml −1 were observed to be 70%, 79.6% and 85% respectively (Table 2).…”

Production of Triterpene Acids by Cell-suspension Cultures of Olea europaea

“…Pomolic acid (4) induces apoptosis in cell lines from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia exhibiting the multidrug-resistance phenotype (Fernandes et al, 2007;Vasconcelos et al, 2007). Rotundic acid (5) shows significant broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi, due to its perturbation of membrane permeability (Haraguchi et al, 1999). Tormentic acid (6) shows hypoglycemic effects by initiating insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner (Ivorra et al, 1989).…”