Antimicrobial Susceptibilty Profile of Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Hospital Based Study From Nepal

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is amongst the most common bacterial infections. Identification of causative organism and their in-vitro susceptibility test is essential for the successful treatment of a patient. The study was done to determine different bacterial species causing UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.
 Materials and methods: A total of 332 urine samples from patients attending both inpatient and outpatient departments of UCMS-TH were included in this study. Samples were subjected to culture and sensitivity test with the use of standard bacteriological techniques as described by American Society for Microbiology (ASM).
 Results Twenty three percent of the total urine samples showed significant bacterial growth. Thirteen different bacterial species were isolated. Among these, Escherichia coli (50.6%) was the most predominant one followed by Klebsiella species (15.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.8%) and others. Majority of bacteria isolated was found to be sensitive to imipenem (82%) followed by nitrofurantoin (78%), gentamicin (63.8%) and others.
 Conclusion: UTI is a commonly encountered case in general practice. Females are commonly affected than males. Majority of bacterial isolates were found resistant towards commonly used first line antimicrobial agents. This type of study should be continued to determine the changing pattern of microbial flora and their antibiogram.

Higher prevalence of ESBL producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli among Diabetic patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu

“…The prevalence of UTI in female was 77.98% which was signi cantly higher than in male (22.08%). The results were in agreement with the ndings by many other investigators [28][29][30]. The close proximity of the vaginal and anal opening in the female and the absence of the prostatic uid which has the bactericidal property in the female may make them more susceptible to the UTIs [29,31].…”

“…The close proximity of the vaginal and anal opening in the female and the absence of the prostatic uid which has the bactericidal property in the female may make them more susceptible to the UTIs [29,31]. The patients of age group (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) showed the highest signi cant growth i.e. 44.49% which was similar to the study by Yadav The overall prevalence of UTI was 32.29% in diabetic patients and 15.97% in non-diabetic patients.…”

Prescription pattern of antibiotics in urinary tract infection based on antimicrobial susceptibility test at a tertiary care hospital

“…[10][11][12] However, in the study conducted by Khatiwada et al, the second common isolate was Klebsiella. 13 In the present study, the prevalence of UTI in female patients (59.5%) was higher compared to male patients (40.5%). UTI prevalence was higher in the age group above 60 years (34%).…”

“…These findings are similar to other studies. [13][14][15][16] The higher incidence of UTI in females was likely due to anatomical and hormonal variations in females, and benign prostate enlargement and neurogenic bladder may be the cause among male patients. Age-related changes in the urinary tract and comorbidities in older individuals could contribute to higher UTI prevalence.…”

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection among adults in central part of Nepal

“…The prevalence of UTIs in the current study is similar to the finding by Pradhan et al 13 but is lower than the studies by Mwaka et al (10%), 14 Tibyangye et al (22%) 15 and Odoki et al (32%) 16 from Uganda; and Khatiwada et al from Nepal. 17 The possible explanation for the variation in the prevalence in these studies could be the differences in the types of the populations studied.…”