Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered from Humans, Environmental Surfaces, and Companion Animals in Households of Children with Community-Onset Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Infections

Morelli, John; Hogan, Patrick G.; Sullivan, Melanie; Muenks, Carol E.; Wang, Jeffrey W.; Thompson, Ryley M.; Burnham, Carey‐Ann D.; Fritz, Stephanie A.

doi:10.1128/aac.01492-15

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We identified that 68% MRSA isolates from the home environment were susceptible to (21). The finding of a protective role for clindamycin use by humans or domestic animals in the household is consistent with a prior report of a study with this cohort that the use of clindamycin is associated with both the earlier clearance and the lower persistence of colonization among the index patients (28,29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The literature on risk factors that may contribute to multidrug and/or mupirocin resistance in the environmental CO-MRSA reservoir is limited. One prior study charac- terized the antimicrobial susceptibility among S. aureus isolates collected from household inhabitants, environmental surfaces, and the pets of children with CO-MRSA, but that study did not evaluate the risk factors associated with the prevalence of MDR or mupirocin resistance in the home environmental MRSA reservoir (21). Although the overall rates of mupirocin resistance were low, our study demonstrated that the household environment can act as a reservoir of mupirocin-resistant MRSA, that the presence of Mup r MRSA in households has the potential to be associated with treatment failure due to recolonization or persistent colonization, and that the use of mupirocin in decolonization treatment has the potential to be associated with incident low-level mupirocin resistance in the home environmental MRSA reservoir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidrug and Mupirocin Resistance in Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Homes of People Diagnosed with Community-Onset MRSA Infection

Shahbazian

Hahn

Ludwig

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Patients with community-onset methicillin-resistant (CO-MRSA) infections contribute to MRSA contamination of the home environment, and may be re-exposed to MRSA strains from this reservoir. This study evaluates One Health risk factors that focus on the relationship between humans, animals and the environment for increased prevalence of multiple antimicrobial resistant MRSA in the home environment. During a trial of patients with CO-MRSA infection, MRSA was isolated from the household environment at baseline and three months later, following randomization of patients and household members to mupirocin-based decolonization therapy or education control. Up to two environmental MRSA isolates per visit were tested. MRSA isolates were identified in 68% (65/95) of homes at baseline (=104 isolates) and 51% (33/65) of homes three months later (=56 isolates). Rates of MDR were 61% at baseline and 55% at the three-month visit. At baseline, 100% (14/14) of MRSA isolates from rural homes were MDR. While antimicrobial use in humans or pets was associated with an increased risk for the isolation of MDR MRSA from the environment, clindamycin use was not associated risk for isolation of MDR MRSA. Two (5%) of 39 homes that were randomized to mupirocin treatment, but none of the control families, had incident low-level mupirocin resistant MRSA isolated at three months. Among patients recently treated for a CO-MRSA infection, MRSA and MDR MRSA were common contaminants in the home environment. This study contributes to evidence that occupant use of antimicrobial drugs--except clindamycin--is associated with MDR MRSA in the home environmental reservoir. MRSA is a common bacterial agent implicated in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in both community and healthcare settings. Patients with CO-MRSA infections contribute to MRSA contamination and may be re-exposed to MRSA strains from these reservoirs. People interact with natural and built environments, therefore understanding the relationships between humans and animals as well as characteristics of environmental reservoirs is important to advance strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance. Household interactions may influence the frequency and duration of exposure, which in turn may impact the duration of MRSA colonization or probability for recurrent colonization and infection. Therefore, MRSA contamination of the home environment may contribute to human and animal recolonization and decolonization treatment failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate One Health risk factors that may be amenable to intervention and may influence the recovery of MDR and mupR resistance in CO-MRSA isolates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug and Mupirocin Resistance in Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Homes of People Diagnosed with Community-Onset MRSA Infection

Shahbazian

Hahn

Ludwig

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…According to a study done by Arali et al, 4.9% resistance was observed for vancomycin, whereas the isolates were 100% sensitive to vancomycin in a study done by Morelli et al 29,30 Our study is also in accordance to the study of Radhakrishna et al where the sensitivity of S. aureus isolates to vancomycin and linezolid was 100%. 4 In this study, the resistance of S. aureus isolates to penicillin was 100% (Figure 3) which is similar to the findings of Radhakrishnan et al 4 Among the MRSA isolates, 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid was observed (Figure 4) in accordance with the findings of Radhakrishnan et al However, sensitivity to vancomycin was 84.3% in a study done by El Aila et al 31 As disc diffusion test is not reliable for vancomycin we determined MIC of the MRSA isolates by automated Vitek 2 system.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar

Singh

Mohanty

Panda

et al. 2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug resistant organism emerging as a major cause of hospital acquired infection. In a healthcare setup a patient may acquire MRSA through the hands, clothes and equipments of health care workers. Screening of health care workers colonised with MRSA will be helpful in preventing the spread of this organism in a hospital. With this background the present study was undertaken to estimate the carriage rate of MRSA among healthcare workers in our hospital.Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from 120 health care workers working in Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar during the study period of July- September 2017. The swabs were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar plates for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA strains were identified by cefoxitin disc method. Antibiogram of MRSA strains was determined.Results: The prevalence of MRSA carriage among health care workers was 7.5% with the carrier rate being highest among nurses (10%). All the MRSA isolates were 100% resistant to penicillin. MRSA isolates were 90% resistant to amoxyclav, 60% to cotrimoxazole and erythromycin and 50% to clindamycin.Conclusions: Although the prevalence of MRSA among health care workers in our hospital is not alarming, it is important to emphasize the need for stringent hospital infection control policies to reduce the spread of MRSA to susceptible individuals.

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“…Morelli et al in a study on 1,633 unique S. aureus isolates reported. All isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, ceftaroline, and rifampin, while the majority of isolates were susceptible to clindamycin, tetracycline, and mupirocin [19]. Also, Sun et al conducted a descriptive study in China on specific molecular and epidemiological characteristics of S. aureus in patients in Xinyang, China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Coagulase in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Nowshahr and Chalous

Sajadi

Kaboosi

Ghadikolii

2017

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main agents of nosocomial infections. Identifying coagulase enzyme in staphylococcal infections is of great importance as it is one of the main virulence agents. The present study aims to accurately detect the presence of coagulase gene and its relationship with antibiotic resistance patterns in clinical isolates. Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 20 clinical samples of S. aureus and 10 clinical samples of coagulase-negative staphylococci were collected and identified from hospitals and laboratories in Nowshahr and Chalous. Antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were examined based on CLSI and finally polymerase chain reaction was used in order to detect the presence of coagulase gene with specific primers. Treatments were examined in three intervals and the results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), univariate ANOVA, and t-test at the probability level of P < 0.05. Moreover, the comparison of means was presented using Duncan's multiple range tests (P < 0.05). All the statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS (V. 16). Results: Suggested that isolates showed phenotypic presence of coagulase enzyme and had this gene genotypically as well. Coagulase-positive samples demonstrated higher resistance to tetracycline 20%, oxacillin 55%, gentamicin 20%, and kanamycin 25%. Statistically, there was no significant difference among inhibition zone diameters of oxacillin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, kanamycin, and penicillin. Conclusions: Coagulase gene causes antibiotic resistance and coagulase-negative staphylococci are spreading rapidly and their resistance is increasing.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered from Humans, Environmental Surfaces, and Companion Animals in Households of Children with Community-Onset Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Infections

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Multidrug and Mupirocin Resistance in Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Homes of People Diagnosed with Community-Onset MRSA Infection

Multidrug and Mupirocin Resistance in Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Homes of People Diagnosed with Community-Onset MRSA Infection

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar

Relationship between Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Coagulase in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Nowshahr and Chalous

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