Antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic mycoplasmas in chickens in Asia

Morrow, Chris J.; Kreizinger, Zsuzsa; Achari, Robin; Bekő, Katinka; Yvon, Cécile; Gyuranecz, Miklós

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108840

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our results showed that the MIC values of M. synoviae isolates were generally low for LS, pleuromutilin, and macrolides. Similar results were observed in a recent study in Asia, except for TIL [ 21 ]. When spectinomycin was applied in combination with lincomycin, it improved the efficacy of two antimicrobials against most M. synoviae [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…High MIC values were also detected in another study, which showed 25/87 M. synoviae strains with high MIC values (> 8 μg/ml for TIL and/or > 1 μg/ml for TY and/or > 0.5 μg/ml for tylvalosin) from 18 different countries from 1982 to 2019 [ 26 ]. As mentioned above, increased TIL MICs (≥64 μg/ml MIC 90 values) were also detected in M. synoviae isolates collected from China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, and Thailand [ 21 ]. Our results confirmed the high efficiency of TY and TIL against M. synoviae in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma Synoviae strains isolated in China from 2016 to 2019

et al. 2022

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Background In the past decade, Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) infection has become widely prevalent in China, has caused serious economic losses and has become one of the most important diseases in the chicken industry. Medication is a general approach for the control of M. synoviae infection, but antibiotics are sometimes ineffective in clinical practice. To investigate the sensitivity of M. synoviae to antimicrobials commonly used in the treatment of M. synoviae infection, the antibiotic susceptibility of 32 M. synoviae strains isolated from China from 2016 to 2019 were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Results All isolates had low MIC values for the combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin, pleuromutilin, and macrolides. However, the M. synoviae isolates displayed variance in MICs for doxycycline hydrochloride with a range of 0.25 to 8 μg/mL, and oxytetracycline hydrochloride with a range of 0.5 to 8 μg/mL. Three and one M. synoviae isolates showed intermediate MIC values to doxycycline hydrochloride and oxytetracycline hydrochloride, respectively. High MIC values for enrofloxacin were detected in all isolates with MICs ranging from 4 to 32 μg/mL. Furthermore, comparison of the parC QRDR identified a mutation at nucleotide position 254 (C254T) resulting in a Thr 85 Ile amino acid change in all M. synoviae isolates and the reference strain ATCC 25204 being resistant to enrofloxacin. Moreover, mutations at Glu 804 Gly and Thr 686 Ala of gyrA QRDR were identified in all M. synoviae isolates and ATCC 25204. The mutation in the QRDR of the parE gene resulted in amino acid changes at positions 197 (Pro to Ser) in 27/32 M. synoviae isolates. Conclusion Three nonsynonymous mutations in gyrA and parE were first identified to be related to enrofloxacin resistance. Our results showed that M. synoviae resistance to enrofloxacin is widespread.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma Synoviae strains isolated in China from 2016 to 2019

et al. 2022

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“…Recombinant vaccines such as Fowl pox as vector are of promising future alternate candidates and their e cacy in commercial poultry are yet to be explored (Leigh et al 2013). Macrolide antibiotics including tiamulin, tylosin, tylvalosin and tilmicosin are generally used in effective control and treatment of Mycoplasma infections (Morrow et al 2020). However, cost and development of resistance are the limiting factors in their use (Nhung et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis on the prevalence of Mycoplasmosis in poultry of India and the World

Ramasamy¹,

Priyanka²,

Nishitha³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Mycoplasmosis, is one of the important disease of poultry industry causing huge economic loss. In the present study, the prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma Synoviae (MS) in poultry from India and the World was estimated using meta-analysis from the studies during 2010–2020. The meta-analysis of studies from the world showed that overall pooled prevalence estimates for MS (42.52% CI: 33.16–52.16) is more than MG (39.31% CI: 25.76–53.74). In India also, the pooled estimate for prevalence of MS (29.34% CI: 14.40-46.93) is more than MG (25.97% CI: 19.41–33.11). However, the prevalence of both MG & MS is comparatively less in India than other parts of world. Pooled estimate through serological techniques was more for both MG & MS than other diagnostic methods and ELISA was the most reported diagnostic method followed by other methods including serum plate agglutination assay (SPA), PCR and isolation etc. Zone wise prevalence estimate showed that south zone has comparatively higher prevalence (37.37%) for both MG & MS than other zones in India. Continent wise analysis revealed that African continent has more prevalence for both MG (50.09 % CI: 31.75–68.42) and MS (44.79 % CI: 23.26–67.37) followed by others. Overall, the current study indicates higher prevalence of Mycoplasmosis worldwide including India and other countries emphasizing the importance of strict implementation of biosecurity measures and vaccinations.

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“…Study shows that isolation and MIC testing can be done from remote locations and involves providing information that will allow for more effective use of antimicrobials or other methods of controlling avian mycoplasma in chickens (e.g. live vaccines) and, therefore, more responsible use of antimicrobials from the point of view of unified health [9].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Therapy of Animal and Bird Diseases Caused by Mycoplasmas

2022

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Mycoplasmas are the cause of many pathologies, both of various species of animals and birds. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of enrofloxacin, difloxacin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, tylosin, tilmycosin, tilvalosin, tiamulin, florfenicol, lincomycin, spectinomycin and 2 combinations (spectinomycin and lincomycin) with the isolates of Myecoplasma sympathy were significantly different. Elevated MICs of tilmicosin were observed in both M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum isolates (MIC values> = 64 μg/ml), and this was observed in all isolates with high MICs of tylosin. The increase in the MIC of lincomycin was mainly associated with the increase in the MIC of tilmicosin. In vitro susceptibility testing of 50 M. gallisepticum strains isolated in Israel in the period of 1997-2010 carried out by a group of scientists led by Gerchman I. showed that acquired resistance to tylosin, as well as to tilmicosin, is present in 50 % of them. Moreover, 72 % (13/18) of the strains isolated from clinical specimens since 2006 showed acquired resistance to enrofloxacin, tylosin and tilmicosin. All isolates with MIC> = 0.63 μg/ml for tylosin and MIC> = 1.25 μg/ml for tilmycosin have one of these mutations, which indicates a significant role in reducing the sensitivity of M. gallisepticum to 16-membered macrolides. Fluoroquinolones, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline and oxytetracycline are effective against Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma, which are the main causative agents of respiratory infections in lambs. Antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis isolates to antibacterial drugs is not high. With the exception of tilmicosin, all isolates were highly susceptible to the tested antimicrobials (oxytetracycline and florfenicol). Tilmicosin and oxytetracycline are effective in treating respiratory diseases in young calves, even if they are affected by Mycoplasma spp. Tilmicosin is more effective in eliminating the clinical signs of mycoplasmosis. Treatment of mycoplasma respiratory syndrome with tulathromycin resulted in slightly higher (P = 0.009) therapeutic success (87.9 % and 80 %, respectively) than initial treatment with enrofloxacin (70.2 % and 62.5 %, respectively). Animals treated with tulathromycin also received fewer follow-up treatments and increased weight gain compared to animals treated with enrofloxacin. Tulatromycin was evaluated in the treatment of pneumonia in weaning pigs intranasally inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Tulatromycin was also quite effective. Use of broad-spectrum drugs, which include tilmicosin, is also promising. Therefore, the therapeutic efficacy of the analyzed drugs used for the treatment of mycoplasmosis, both in birds and animals (cattle, small ruminants, and pigs), depends both on the drugs used and on etiological agents. A significant role in the effectiveness of treatment with certain drugs is played by the infections accompanying mycoplasmosis.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic mycoplasmas in chickens in Asia

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma Synoviae strains isolated in China from 2016 to 2019

Antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma Synoviae strains isolated in China from 2016 to 2019

Meta-analysis on the prevalence of Mycoplasmosis in poultry of India and the World

Comparative Therapy of Animal and Bird Diseases Caused by Mycoplasmas

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