Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates in Europe

Hedberg, Maria; Nord, Carl Erik

doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00674.x

Cited by 114 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Although some Bacteroides spp. are suppressed by clindamycin (Sullivan et al, 2003), others have been shown to be resistant to clindamycin and several other antibiotics (Hedberg and Nord, 2003;Lö fmark et al, 2006) and resistance to this antibiotic is increasing (Hedberg and Nord, 2003). Previously, we found that 7 days administration of clindamycin resulted in a dramatic increase in antibiotic resistant Bacteroides spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota

et al. 2007

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Antibiotic administration is known to cause short-term disturbances in the microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract, but the potential long-term consequences have not been well studied. The aims of this study were to analyse the long-term impact of a 7-day clindamycin treatment on the faecal microbiota and to simultaneously monitor the ecological stability of the microbiota in a control group as a baseline for reference. Faecal samples from four clindamycin-exposed and four control subjects were collected at nine different time points over 2 years. Using a polyphasic approach, we observed highly significant disturbances in the bacterial community that persisted throughout the sampling period. In particular, a sharp decline in the clonal diversity of Bacteroides isolates, as assessed by repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and long-term persistence of highly resistant clones were found as a direct response to the antibiotic exposure. The Bacteroides community never returned to its original composition during the study period as assessed using the molecular fingerprinting technique, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Furthermore, using real-time PCR we found a dramatic and persistent increase in levels of specific resistance genes in DNA extracted from the faeces after clindamycin administration. The temporal variations in the microbiota of the control group were minor compared to the large and persistent shift seen in the exposed group. These results demonstrate that long after the selection pressure from a short antibiotic exposure has been removed, there are still persistent long term impacts on the human intestinal microbiota that remain for up to 2 years post-treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota

et al. 2007

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“…Frequently, the other species in the B. fragilis group are more resistant than B. fragilis to many antibiotics. Current antibiograms of anaerobic bacteria have been summa-rized and reviewed recently (114,115,256,258) and results of several studies have been collated in Table 3.…”

Section: Susceptibility Patterns Of Bacteroidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteroides: the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty

2007

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SUMMARY Summary: Bacteroides species are significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial relationship with the host when retained in the gut, but when they escape this environment they can cause significant pathology, including bacteremia and abscess formation in multiple body sites. Genomic and proteomic analyses have vastly added to our understanding of the manner in which Bacteroides species adapt to, and thrive in, the human gut. A few examples are (i) complex systems to sense and adapt to nutrient availability, (ii) multiple pump systems to expel toxic substances, and (iii) the ability to influence the host immune system so that it controls other (competing) pathogens. B. fragilis, which accounts for only 0.5% of the human colonic flora, is the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogen due, in part, to its potent virulence factors. Species of the genus Bacteroides have the most antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the highest resistance rates of all anaerobic pathogens. Clinically, Bacteroides species have exhibited increasing resistance to many antibiotics, including cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin).

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“…The antimicrobial susceptibilities of some members of the B. fragilis group vary, especially to the second-and third-generation cephalosporins. B. fragilis is generally the most susceptible, and B. thetaiotaomicron and Parabacteroides distasonis generally are more resistant (87,88).…”

Section: ␤-Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antianaerobic Antimicrobials: Spectrum and Susceptibility Testing

2013

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SUMMARY Susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria recovered from selected cases can influence the choice of antimicrobial therapy. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has standardized many laboratory procedures, including anaerobic susceptibility testing (AST), and has published documents for AST. The standardization of testing methods by the CLSI allows comparisons of resistance trends among various laboratories. Susceptibility testing should be performed on organisms recovered from sterile body sites, those that are isolated in pure culture, or those that are clinically important and have variable or unique susceptibility patterns. Organisms that should be considered for individual isolate testing include highly virulent pathogens for which susceptibility cannot be predicted, such as Bacteroides , Prevotella , Fusobacterium , and Clostridium spp.; Bilophila wadsworthia ; and Sutterella wadsworthensis . This review describes the current methods for AST in research and reference laboratories. These methods include the use of agar dilution, broth microdilution, Etest, and the spiral gradient endpoint system. The antimicrobials potentially effective against anaerobic bacteria include beta-lactams, combinations of beta-lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. The spectrum of efficacy, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and resistance patterns against these agents are described.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates in Europe

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance among the B. fragilis group is increasing.

Cited by 114 publications

References 34 publications

Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota

Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota

Bacteroides: the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty

Antianaerobic Antimicrobials: Spectrum and Susceptibility Testing

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