Antianaerobic Antimicrobials: Spectrum and Susceptibility Testing

Brook, Itzhak; Wexler, Hannah M.; Goldstein, Ellie J. C.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00086-12

Cited by 259 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…Fusobacterium spp. is usually susceptible to penicillin, with resistance rarely reported, mainly by β-lactamase production [35]. An antimicrobial susceptibility study during 2010-2011 in Ontario revealed 12.1 % penicillin resistance amongst 149 Fusobacterium isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections caused by Fusobacterium in children: a 14-year single-center experience

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections caused by Fusobacterium in children: a 14-year single-center experience

et al. 2015

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“…Proline though CIP is not active against many anaerobes (12), the MICs here were only 0.75 g/ml. One of the most common anaerobes isolated from human infections, Propionibacterium acnes, is well known for being susceptible to CIP (13,14).…”

Section: Nh-1513 and Atcc 27520mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Cases of Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Propionimicrobium lymphophilum

Williams

2015

J Clin Microbiol

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The first case reports involving Propionimicrobium lymphophilum, a rarely encountered anaerobic Gram-positive non-sporeforming rod, are presented here as urinary tract infections. Initial detection of these bacteria required urine Gram stains. Comparison of the type strain to the two isolates by various methods is depicted and includes antimicrobial susceptibility data. CASE REPORTSC ase 1. A 79-year-old male presented to the primary care clinic with complaints of painful and frequent urination. The patient had a history of kidney and bladder stones, urinary tract infections, elevated prostate-specific antigen levels with negative prostate biopsy specimens, and an enlarged prostate accompanied by urinary retention. He was prescribed one tablet of sulfamethoxazole (800 mg)-trimethoprim (160 mg) (SXT) once daily for 10 days, an antibiotic that had alleviated an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection 8 months earlier. A clean catch urine specimen was submitted prior to starting the antibiotic. The urinalysis was positive for leukocyte esterase (LE), blood, and Ͼ300 mg/dl protein.Microscopic examination showed 15 to 20 white blood cells (WBC) per high-power-field (HPF), 10 to 15 red blood cells (RBC)/HPF, and abundant or 4ϩ bacteria using a scale of 0 to 4ϩ. Normal ranges were as follows: Ͻ30 mg/dl protein, 0 to 5 WBC/ HPF, and 0 to 5 RBC/HPF. A routine urine culture on 5% sheep blood agar (blood agar) (Thermo Fisher/Remel, Lenexa, KS) and MacConkey agar (BD, Sparks, MD) showed no growth after 48 h of incubation at 35°C under ambient air conditions. Upon completion of his antibiotic treatment, a follow-up urine sample was negative for LE and positive for blood and 100 mg/dl protein, with 0 to 2 WBC/HPF and 10 to 15 RBC/HPF; however, 4ϩ bacteria with a negative culture were still present. Symptoms had been relieved by the antibiotic. His physician requested three urine samples for cytological examination due to the hematuria.Less than 2 weeks after completion of treatment, the increased urinary frequency with mild pain returned. The three urine cytology specimens were reported as free of tumor cells but exhibited abundant inflammatory cells and bacteria. Another clean catch specimen was obtained.The patient's urine specimen was positive for LE, nitrite, blood, and protein with Ͼ50 WBC/HPF, 5 to 10 RBC/HPF, and 4ϩ bacteria. A Gram stain was performed on unspun urine which revealed many WBC and pleomorphic Gram-positive rods. The specimen was cultured using blood and MacConkey agars for 35°C aerobic incubation. Blood and chocolate agars (BD) were both incubated under 7% CO 2 and anaerobic conditions at 35°C. CDC anaerobe blood agar (CDC-ANA) (BD) was also used for anaerobic incubation. All plates were inoculated using a 1-l loop. After a period of 72 h, growth was observed only on the anaerobic plates. The colonies were small (Ͻ1 mm in diameter), in numbers that indicated Ͼ10 5 CFU/ml, and negative for catalase. A Gram stain showed Gram-positive rods with very pleomorphic morphology, including club-shaped and coccoid...

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“…It has been recommended to perform susceptibility testing of virulent anaerobic pathogens of which the susceptibility cannot be predicted. These include Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., Bilophila wadsworthia and Sutterella wadsworthensis [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%