Antimicrobial Susceptibility and β-Lactamase Production of Anaerobic and Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Pus Specimens from Orofacial Infections

Blandino, G; Milazzo, I.; Fazio, Davide; Puglisi, S.; Pisano, Michael A.; Speciale, A; Pappalardo, Sebastiano

doi:10.1179/joc.2007.19.5.495

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results of the present study showed that three antibiotics including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline and azithromycin had 100% activities against P. gingivalis which can provide alternative antibiotics to treat the patients whenever indicated. The fact that 12 % of the bacteria were resistant or intermediate resistant to amoxicillin but 100 % were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, indicates that resistance of P. gingivalis to β-lactam antibiotics are due to β-lactamase production (25,26). Low values of MIC 50 and MIC 90 of the three effective antibiotics were also noticed in this study, which could suggest that systemic antibiotic therapy may deliver adequate drug inside the infected teeth (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from chronic Periodontitis patients

Japoni¹,

Vasin²,

Noushadi³

et al. 2011

Med Oral

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Objectives: To test the antimicrobial sensitivity of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a panel of eight orally administrable antibiotics in chronic periodontal diseases and to evaluate factors associated with periodontitis in adult patients. Study Design: A total of fifty strains of P. gingivalis were isolated from one hundred and twenty adult patients with chronic perio-dontitis. Identification of bacteria was carried out by anaerobic culture and biochemical tests. Selected colonies of P. gingivalis were used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of penicillin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, doxy-cycline, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. Results: Most of the patients were female, age ranging between 40 to 50 years. Majority of the patients frequently had scaling and depths of periodontal pockets in infected teeth were 5-8 mm and most of them had hemorrhage during sampling. Susceptibility testing revealed a sensitivity of 100% of P. gingivalis to azithromycin, doxycycline and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid but lower susceptibilities were found for the rest of antibiotic agents evaluated. Conclusions: Frequent scaling in women aged between 40-50 years had positive correlation with chronic periodontitis. The application of antibiotics in conjuction with mechanical debridation, may reflect in the level of resistance of P. gingivalis in patients with chronic periodontal infections. This could suggest periodical antibiotic susceptibility testing is necessary to determine the efficacy of antimicrobial agents if the perfect curing of chronic periodontal diseases after mechanical debridation is meant. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the in vitro results. The only limitation in this study was identification of bacteria to species rather than subspecies level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from chronic Periodontitis patients

Japoni¹,

Vasin²,

Noushadi³

et al. 2011

Med Oral

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“…Since the use of antibiotics is restricted to severe and complicated abscess infections, it seems prudent to use amoxicillin, a semisynthetic penicillin with a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity than penicillin V. In addition, amoxicillin may provide more rapid improvement in pain or swelling, and patient compliance with the prescribed regimen may be better because of the longer dosage interval of amoxicillin (209). In even more serious cases, including life-threatening conditions, association of amoxicillin with either clavulanic acid or metronidazole may be required to achieve optimum antimicrobial effects as a result of the spectrum of action being extended to include penicillin-resistant strains (208,210). A randomized clinical trial (199) compared the efficacy of adjunct therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid to that with penicillin V in the treatment of acute apical abscess following surgical drainage and either tooth extraction or root canal intervention and reported that, even though symptoms improved in all patients, those receiving amoxicillin-clavulanic acid recorded a significantly greater decrease in symptoms during the second and third days.…”

Section: Treatment Of the Acute Apical Abscessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology and Treatment of Acute Apical Abscesses

2013

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SUMMARY Acute apical abscess is the most common form of dental abscess and is caused by infection of the root canal of the tooth. It is usually localized intraorally, but in some cases the apical abscess may spread and result in severe complications or even mortality. The reasons why dental root canal infections can become symptomatic and evolve to severe spreading and sometimes life-threatening abscesses remain elusive. Studies using culture and advanced molecular microbiology methods for microbial identification in apical abscesses have demonstrated a multispecies community conspicuously dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Species/phylotypes commonly found in these infections belong to the genera Fusobacterium , Parvimonas , Prevotella , Porphyromonas , Dialister , Streptococcus , and Treponema . Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and computational biology have substantially enhanced the knowledge of the microbiota associated with acute apical abscesses and shed some light on the etiopathogeny of this disease. Species richness and abundance and the resulting network of interactions among community members may affect the collective pathogenicity and contribute to the development of acute infections. Disease modifiers, including transient or permanent host-related factors, may also influence the development and severity of acute abscesses. This review focuses on the current evidence about the etiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses and how the process is influenced by host-related factors and proposes future directions in research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches to deal with this disease.

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“…All samples were inoculated on Columbia agar with 5 % sheep blood (BD Becton Dickinson), Haemophilus Test Medium (HTM) agar (BD Becton Dickinson) and Brucella blood agar with haemin and vitamin K 1 (BD Becton Dickinson). Columbia blood and HTM agar plates were incubated under aerobic conditions and in an atmosphere of 10 % CO 2 at 35 uC for 24-48 h. Supplemented Brucella agar plates were incubated anaerobically in GasPak 100 Jars (BD Becton Dickinson) at 35 uC for 72 h; the incubation was continued for at least 7 days, even in the absence of bacterial growth (Blandino et al, 2007). From each bacterial plate, representative colonies of each morphological type were subcultured on selective media (Murray et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From each bacterial plate, representative colonies of each morphological type were subcultured on selective media (Murray et al, 2007). Identification of bacteria was made by colony and cellular morphology, staining characteristics and commercially available microbiological identification systems, such as API 20 Strep, API 20 E, API 20 NE, API NH, API 20 A, Rapid ID 32 A and API ZYM (bioMérieux) (Summanen et al, 1993;Blandino et al, 2007;Murray et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological findings and antimicrobial resistance in odontogenic and non-odontogenic chronic maxillary sinusitis

Puglisi

Privitera

Maiolino

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The main objectives of this study were to estimate the frequency of chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin, and to evaluate the microbiology of odontogenic and non-odontogenic chronic maxillary sinusitis. Aspirates from 59 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis (47 non-odontogenic, 12 odontogenic), collected during a 3-year period, were microbiologically processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated in the isolated bacteria. In this study, 20 % of chronic maxillary sinusitis cases were associated with a dental origin, and sinus lift procedures were the main aetiological factor. Our microbiological findings showed that all specimens from chronic maxillary sinusitis were polymicrobial. Sixty aerobes and 75 anaerobes were recovered from the 47 cases of non-odontogenic sinusitis (2.9 bacteria per specimen); 15 aerobes and 25 anaerobes were isolated from the 12 patients with odontogenic sinusitis (3.3 bacteria per specimen). The predominant aerobes were Staphylococcus aureus (27) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (16), while the more frequent anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus species (31) and Prevotella species (30). Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were absent in sinusitis associated with a dental origin. Overall, 22 % of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were oxacillin-resistant, and 75 % of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were penicillin-resistant and/or erythromycin-resistant; 21 % of anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were penicillin-resistant, and 44 % of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria were blactamase-positive. Vancomycin and quinopristin-dalfopristin had the highest in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species, respectively; amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefotaxime showed the highest in vitro activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria; and moxifloxacin, metronidazole and clindamycin were the most active against anaerobic bacteria.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility and β-Lactamase Production of Anaerobic and Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Pus Specimens from Orofacial Infections

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from chronic Periodontitis patients

Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from chronic Periodontitis patients

Microbiology and Treatment of Acute Apical Abscesses

Bacteriological findings and antimicrobial resistance in odontogenic and non-odontogenic chronic maxillary sinusitis

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