The main objectives of this study were to estimate the frequency of chronic maxillary sinusitis of dental origin, and to evaluate the microbiology of odontogenic and non-odontogenic chronic maxillary sinusitis. Aspirates from 59 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis (47 non-odontogenic, 12 odontogenic), collected during a 3-year period, were microbiologically processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated in the isolated bacteria. In this study, 20 % of chronic maxillary sinusitis cases were associated with a dental origin, and sinus lift procedures were the main aetiological factor. Our microbiological findings showed that all specimens from chronic maxillary sinusitis were polymicrobial. Sixty aerobes and 75 anaerobes were recovered from the 47 cases of non-odontogenic sinusitis (2.9 bacteria per specimen); 15 aerobes and 25 anaerobes were isolated from the 12 patients with odontogenic sinusitis (3.3 bacteria per specimen). The predominant aerobes were Staphylococcus aureus (27) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (16), while the more frequent anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus species (31) and Prevotella species (30). Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were absent in sinusitis associated with a dental origin. Overall, 22 % of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were oxacillin-resistant, and 75 % of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were penicillin-resistant and/or erythromycin-resistant; 21 % of anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were penicillin-resistant, and 44 % of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria were blactamase-positive. Vancomycin and quinopristin-dalfopristin had the highest in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species, respectively; amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefotaxime showed the highest in vitro activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria; and moxifloxacin, metronidazole and clindamycin were the most active against anaerobic bacteria.
Zusammenfassung Ethnobotanik und ihre Bedeutung f?r die Medizin und ?ffentliche Gesundheit: Quo vadis? Ethnobotanik ist eine interdisziplin?re Fachrichtung, die die Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Pflanze untersucht. Entstanden im Zuge des Interesses an anthropologischen Fragestellungen im 19. Jh., kam es in der 1970er-Jahren zu einer Wiederbelebung durch die moderne Ethnobiologie. Zwei Trends dominieren die aktuelle Forschung: die klassische Ethnobotanik, welche die Verwendung von Heil- und wild wachsenden Nahrungspflanzen in m?glichst isoliert lebenden l?ndlichen Gemeinschaften untersucht. Und sog. urbane Ethnobotanik, die die Verwendung solcher Pflanzen bei Migranten in westlichen st?dtischen Siedlungen erfasst. W?hrend Erstere Informationen f?r den Umweltschutz, das kulturelle Erbe und die Arzneipflanzenforschung liefert, hilft die urbane Ethnobotanik, die Gesundheitsf?rsorge von Migranten zu verbessern.
The dosimetric method for contrast-enhanced CT can be applied to all CT scanners by adopting average simulative parameters and by carrying out a simple measurement with a series of iodine contrast solutions. The novel experimental methodology introduced can provide a direct measurement of iodine attenuation properties.
Plant protection control based on the spray application of plant protection products is a very complex task depending on a series of factors, among which droplet size is the most influential for deposition and pesticide effectiveness. In fact, the adoption of the correct droplet size can ensure that the required dose reaches the target area and is not wasted, minimizes the off-target losses due to evaporation, drift and run-off and, at the same time, enhances the operator’s safety in terms of inhalation, ingestion and dermal exposure. In this paper, after defining some mean characteristic diameters helpful for a description of a drop population and focusing on the main drop size distribution functions for the statistical characterization of sprays, a critical analysis of known methods, both intrusive and non-intrusive, for drop size measurement is carried out by reviewing the literature. Among intrusive methods, the liquid immersion method and the use of water-sensitive papers are discussed, whereas, among non-intrusive methods, laser-based systems (laser diffraction, phase Doppler particle analysis) and high-speed imaging (shadowgrapy) are presented. Both types of method, intrusive and non-intrusive, can be used in machine-learning-based approaches exploiting regression techniques and neural network analysis.
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