Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic analysis of Histophilus somni isolated from cases of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle

Alhamami, Tamara; Low, Wai Yee; Ren, Yan; Taylor, Kara; Khazandi, Manouchehr; Veltman, Tania; Venter, Henrietta; Carr, Mandi; Turni, Conny; Abraham, Sam; Trott, Darren J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109460

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Unlike other studies that have investigated the susceptibility of H. somni to antimicrobials [ 18 ], this clinical case reports the identification of a pathogen resistant to tetracyclines and cephalosporins (Ceftiofur), antibiotics commonly used to treat uterine diseases in dairy cows. This points out the importance of investigating clinical cases routinely to decide the best antimicrobial treatment and to avoid the use of repeating antibiotic treatments not supported by laboratory analysis, which can increase multi-drug resistance in H. somni and other bacterial agents [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histophilus somni as a Unique Causative Agent of Puerperal Metritis (PM) in a Third-Lactation Holstein Cow

Molín,

Ainoza,

Armengol

2024

Veterinary Sciences

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This manuscript aims to report the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of puerperal metritis (PM) in a dairy cow, caused by H. somni as a unique pathogen. The cow showed signs of systemic illness, including a sudden drop in milk production, a rectal temperature of 40.4 °C, tachypnea, dehydration, and completely fluid, brown, and fetid uterine discharge. Pure cultures of H. somni were identified and submitted to the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method for antibiotic sensitivity. The study showed that H. somni was resistant to tetracyclines and cephalosporins (Ceftiofur), antibiotics commonly used to treat uterine infections in dairy cows. To the authors’ knowledge, this case describes for the first time PM caused by H. somni as a primary pathogen. Our results should lead to the inclusion of H. somni as a primary pathogen of metritis in laboratory diagnoses on a routine basis, which, in turn, may help to elucidate the incidence of H. somni as a causative agent of uterine infections in cows. If the incidence of H. somni is remarkably high or frequent, researchers could consider the use of commercial vaccines nowadays destined for the prevention of bovine respiratory disease and which could perhaps be effective in the prevention of reproductive pathology caused by H. somni.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histophilus somni as a Unique Causative Agent of Puerperal Metritis (PM) in a Third-Lactation Holstein Cow

Molín,

Ainoza,

Armengol

2024

Veterinary Sciences

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“…The problem of H. somni antibiotic resistance has been widely discussed in recent years [19][20][21]. In 2021, the phenotypic antibiotic resistance of the H. somni samples 188-VIEV, 532-VIEV, and 551-VIEV isolated in Russia was studied [22].…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-genome sequencing of Histophilus somni strains isolated in Russia

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Histophilus somni is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family that can cause bovine histophilosis. Histophilus may act as a commensal or opportunistic bacterial cattle pathogen. Comparing genomes of the pathogenic strain 2336 with the non-pathogenic preputial 129Pt isolate revealed some putative virulence factors. The study of the complete genomes of H. somni strains circulating in Russia has never been conducted before. This study aimed to identify genetic features of the H. somni strains isolated in Russia and evaluate the possibility of using strains for vaccine development. Materials and Methods: Three strains of H. somni were isolated from different sources. Strain 188-VIEV was isolated from a vaginal swab sample of cattle with endometritis. 532-VIEV and 551-VIEV were cultured from the cryopreserved bull semen samples imported from Canada. Histophilus somni strain ATCC 700025 provided by ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) was also used in the study. DNA extraction was performed using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, USA). The whole-genome sequencing of the four strains was performed using Illumina Miseq. The comparison of the resulting sequences with the complete genomes of H. somni 2336 and 129Pt, and detection of the resistance genes and virulence factors, was performed using the ResFinder and Virulence Factor Database web services. Results: The genome size of the samples varied from 1.9 to 2.3 Mb. The number of coding sequences varied from 1795 to 2256. The average sequence density was 90%. The total guanine-cytosine (GC) content was 36.8%–37.2%, which coincided with data previously obtained for H. somni. Three out of four studied strains encoded putative virulence factors such as filamentous hemagglutinin homologs, lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis proteins, and proteins involved in iron transport and utilization. The Ser83Ile substitution was identified in the DNA topoisomerase II (gyrA) in H. somni strains 532-VIEV and 551-VIEV cultured from bull semen which led to resistance to fluoroquinolones. The gene (AAC-6-Ia + APH-2”) encoding a bifunctional aminoglycoside modification enzyme was detected in strain 551-VIEV. Conclusion: Strains with virulence genes identified could be candidates for designing vaccines and potentially represent antigen sources. The results show that antibiotic-resistant H. somni can be spread with semen used for artificial insemination.

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“… 77 H. somni antigens have been detected in the lungs of calves 40 and in myocardial capillaries, venules, and small veins of the heart in cattle. 68 Unlike other BRDC bacteria, H. somni does not seem to have developed resistance to commonly used antimicrobials, 2 , 42 at least in Australia, making it difficult to culture the organism from cattle that had been treated with antimicrobials before sample collection. In such cases, IHC is a preferred tool for the detection of H. somni in tissues from treated cattle, given that it allows the detection of residual antigens within tissue samples, 11 , 107 even if the bacteria are dead.…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Investigation Of Bacterial Causes Of Brdcmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens using immunohistochemistry: emerging trends and opportunities

Werid,

Miller,

Hemmatzadeh

et al. 2023

J VET Diagn Invest

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The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is caused by a variety of pathogens, as well as contributing environmental and host-related risk factors. BRDC is the costliest disease for feedlot cattle globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool for enhancing our understanding of BRDC given its specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to provide information on antigen localization and immune response. Emerging trends in IHC include the use of multiplex IHC for the detection of coinfections, the use of digital imaging and automation, improved detection systems using enhanced fluorescent dyes, and the integration of IHC with spatial transcriptomics. Overall, identifying biomarkers for early detection, utilizing high-throughput IHC for large-scale studies, developing standardized protocols and reagents, and integrating IHC with other technologies are some of the opportunities to enhance the accuracy and applicability of IHC. We summarize here the various techniques and protocols used in IHC and highlight their current and potential role in BRDC research.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic analysis of Histophilus somni isolated from cases of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Histophilus somni as a Unique Causative Agent of Puerperal Metritis (PM) in a Third-Lactation Holstein Cow

Histophilus somni as a Unique Causative Agent of Puerperal Metritis (PM) in a Third-Lactation Holstein Cow

Whole-genome sequencing of Histophilus somni strains isolated in Russia

An overview of the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens using immunohistochemistry: emerging trends and opportunities

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