Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Salmonella from Domestic Animals, Food and Human in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Abstract

ABSTRACT. A total of 230 Salmonella isolates representing 33 serotypes originated from food (pork, beef, chicken meat, duck meat, and shrimp), domestic animals (pig, chicken, and duck), and human (children with diarrhea) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam were examined for the antimicrobial resistance to 10 antibiotics. Of the 230 Salmonella isolates examined, 49 (21.3%) showed antimicrobial resistance. Thirty-eight isolates (16.5%) were resistant to oxytetracycline, 26 (11.3%) to chloramphenicol, 17 (7.4%) to nalidixic acid, 16 (7.0%) to streptomycin, 5 (2.2%) to kanamycin, and 4 (1.7%) to ampicillin. No isolate showed resistance to gentamicin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. Among the resistant isolates, nineteen isolates were resistant to one antimicrobial agent, 10 to two, 15 to three, 3 to four, and 2 to five antimicrobial agents. The resistance rate of Salmonella isolates from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam to these antimicrobial agents seems to be relatively lower than the results of developed countries and even those of the neighboring countries.

Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> Serovars Isolated from Beef at Retail Markets in the North Vietnam

“…These antimicrobials are commonly used in animal husbandry in these countries, and the increasing and inappropriate use of antimicrobials in animal farming may be the reason for these high levels of resistance [34]. MDR was observed frequently in the Salmonella isolates in this study, as shown in previous studies from Vietnam [28,34,37], China [38] and Malaysia [33]. This might lead to human infections with foodborne antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.…”

“…In this study, 58.7% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Resistance to tetracycline, sulphonamide, ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol was commonly observed in the Salmonella isolates, as shown in previous reports from Vietnam [28,34,37] and other Asia countries [33,38]. These antimicrobials are commonly used in animal husbandry in these countries, and the increasing and inappropriate use of antimicrobials in animal farming may be the reason for these high levels of resistance [34].…”

“…In Vietnam, self-medication through retail pharmacies is a common practice, where antimicrobials for humans and animals can be freely purchased over the counter without control [28]. Farmers normally use antimicrobials to treat sick animals with high doses and using their own experience without veterinary prescription, supervision and laboratory diagnosis [35].…”

Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance inSalmonella entericaIsolated from Pork, Chicken Meat, and Humans in Northeastern Thailand

“…M ultidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica has increasingly emerged worldwide as a result of the extensive use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine (Khemtong and Chuanchuen, 2008;Ogasawara et al, 2008). Several approaches have been taken to understand the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), of which monitoring and surveillance program is a key tool for tracking drug resistance, measuring its health and economic impacts, and designing targeted solutions.…”

Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella: A Risk for Tropical Aquaculture

“…Ubeyratne et al (2008) detected Salmonella resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin and sulfonamides in shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farmed in Sri Lanka. Likewise, Ogasawara et al (2008) found salmonelas resistant to oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol in Vietnamese shrimp samples but concluded ARI values were not as high as in neighboring or developing countries.…”