Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotyping of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in southern Africa: influence of geographical source of infection

Ison, Catherine; Roope, N. S.; Dangor, Y; Radebe, F; Ballard, Ronald C.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800068230

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Both 3.2 MDa and 4.4 MDa b-lactamase plasmids are present on the African continent. Unlike South Africa where the 4.4 MDa plasmid is predominant, the majority of PPNG in all other countries carry the 3.2 MDa plasmid, which was also the case in this study 5,6,8,10,21 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Bénin

et al. 2001

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This study describes antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates obtained from female sex workers in Cotonou, Bénin. All isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, and susceptible to moderately susceptible to kanamycin; 9.8% of isolates were resistant to thiamphenicol; 9%, 87.5% and 3.5% were susceptible, moderately susceptible, resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively; 94.4% and 99.3% were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline, respectively. All isolates with a minimal inhibitory concentration of tetracycline of >8 mg/l carried the 'American type' tetM plasmid; 94% and 6% of penicillinase-producing isolates possessed a 3.2 MDa and a 4.4MDa beta-lactamase plasmid, respectively. Surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae isolates to currently used drugs in Africa should become part of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) control programmes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Bénin

et al. 2001

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“…6 15 30 31 In contrast, no TRNG were detected during 1990-3 in a study of isolates made from symptomatic men conducted in Durban, South Africa, 32 or in Carltonville, South Africa between 1989 and 1990. 33 In most studies few data exist about the genetic basis of the resistance other than plasmid size, although in isolates from Zaire the presence of tetM was confirmed by DNA hybridisation and the plasmid was demonstrated to be of the American type. 6 In the present study, travellers visiting Kenya and Nigeria contributed most (29/60) of the TRNG infections originating in Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of tetM genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Turner

Gough

Leeming

1999

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objective: To examine the epidemiology of the tetM gene in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with high level resistance to tetracycline (TRNG) using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Methods: A single tube PCR was developed which distinguishes between the American and Dutch variants of the tetM gene. Between 1988 and 1995, 518 strains of TRNG (tetracycline MIC >8 mg/l) were referred to the Gonococcus Reference Unit by other laboratories or isolated from routine swabs taken at local clinics. The strains were analysed for plasmid content, auxotype, serovar, and the tetM gene type. Travel details of the patients were determined by a questionnaire. Results: A PCR product was obtained from all TRNG examined. 387 TRNG strains produced a 778 bp PCR product (American type tetM) and 131 produced a 443 bp PCR product (Dutch type tetM). Infections acquired in the United Kingdom contributed 57% of the TRNG strains included in this study; 82% of these carried the American type of tetM. The number of UK acquired TRNG received by the GRU increased each year except 1993-from four strains received in 1990 to 92 in 1995. After the United Kingdom, Caribbean and African countries contributed most strains, with 56 and 60 TRNG acquired in each area respectively. All strains originating in Africa, except one from South Africa, contained the American type tetM. Infections caught in Nigeria and Kenya contributed most strains (15 and 14 respectively). The TRNG originating from Caribbean countries comprised 36% Dutch tetM type. Infections caught in Jamaica accounted for 82% of the Caribbean strains. All 35 TRNG strains originating in the Far East contained the Dutch type tetM. 25 of the Far East strains were also penicillinase producing (PPNG). Infections originating in Indonesia accounted for 49% of the Far East strains but these belonged to 12 diVerent auxotype/serovar combinations. A geographical variation in the type of penicillinase coding plasmids found in PPNG/TRNG was also detected. Conclusions: These data suggest that the Dutch type tetM may have originated in the Far East and the American type in the African continent. Subsequent spread has resulted in a heterogeneous distribution of TRNG types in other parts of the world. At completion of the survey the numbers of TRNG imported each year from the major overseas sources had reached a plateau while UK contracted TRNG continued to rise providing evidence for the establishment of endemic TRNG strains in the United Kingdom. (Sex Transm Inf 1999;75:60-66)

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“…Over a 10 year period, the proportion of isolates of N gonorrhoeae producing ,B-lactamase has increased from < 1 % to 13% in Johannesburg7081 82; in Durban, PPNG was reported in more than 25% of gonococcal isolates recovered in the late 1980s. "1 1867 Trends in other centres such as Pretoria, Carletonville, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, and Bloemfontein appear to lag those of Johannesburg and Durban by several years, but the relative prevalence of PPNG still continues to rise656971 778284 86 In addition, emerging chromosomal resistance to ,B-lactam antibiotics in non-PPNG strains is also being documented.7085 As compounding evidence made clear that penicillin would no longer be the treatment of choice for gonorrhoea, other antibiotics such as tetracycline, spectinomycin, and cephalosporins were recommended. In 1991, however, a study reported that 56% of PPNG strains and 34% of non-PPNG strains isolated in Johannesburg were now resistant to tetracycline.…”

Section: Non-ulcerative Infections Gonococcal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%