Self-assembling
fibrous supramolecular assemblies with sophisticated
hierarchical structures at the mesoscale are of interest from both
fundamental and applied engineering. In this paper, the relatively
hydrophilic domains of silk fibroin (HSF) were extracted and used
in studies of self-assembly. The HSF fraction spontaneously self-assembled
into nanofibers, 10 to 100 μm long and 50 to 250 nm in diameter,
within 2 to 8 h in aqueous conditions. Interestingly, these HSF nanofibers
consisted of dozens of nanofibrils arranged in a parallel organization
with assembled diameters of ∼30 nm, similar to the sophisticated
hierarchical structure observed in native silk fibers. Dynamic morphology
and conformation studies were carried out to determine the mechanisms
underlying the HSF self-assembly process at both the nanoscale and
mesoscale. The HSF self-assembled into nanofibers in a bottom-to-up
manner, from “sticky” colloid particles to cylindrical
globules, to form nanofibrous networks. Because of the enhanced HSF
self-assembling kinetics and the hierarchical structure of HSF nanofibers,
this hydrophilicity-driven approach provides further insight into
silk fibroin (SF) self-assembly in vivo and also offers new tools
for the recapitulation of high-performance materials for engineering
applications.