Antimicrobial resistance trends in Escherichia coli isolated from diseased food‐producing animals in France: A 14‐year period time‐series study

Abstract

SummaryAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria isolated from food-producing animals is a growing concern with implications for public health. AMR surveillance is essential to identify resistance trends and help in the design of effective and efficient control strategies. The aim of the study was to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from three livestock productions in France (cattle, swine and poultry). The trend in resistance to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in animal health was analysed as follows: amoxicillin (penicillin), spectinomycin or streptomycin (aminoglycoside), tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole/Enrofloxacin and ceftiofur were also taken into ac- These results contribute to risk assessment and constitute objective evidence on which to evaluate the efficacy of control measures implemented to limit AMR occurrence. K E Y W O R D S

Host Range-Associated Clustering Based on Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis, Phylotypes, and Virulence Genes of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains

“…NA resistance was most common, along with TE, AM, C, SXT, and CIP, while most of the strains were sensitive to CZ, AMC, CRO, and FOX. Similar findings of common resistance to NA, TE, AM, SXT, and CIP among E. coli isolates from avian origin and other food animals have been reported by many researchers from China (44), Egypt (45), France (46), Bangladesh (47), and Japan (19). Although phylogroups D and B2 were related to higher drug resistance patterns in previous reports (48), we did not find any B2 strains in poultry.…”

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France

“…AMR trends for each antimicrobial [20] were modelled using generalised additive models (GAM). The analysis was carried out as described in Boireau et al [14], using two splines designed to control for trend and seasonality. If the splines fitted were nonsignificant, they were removed from the model before drawing the smoothed time graphs.…”

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from mastitis in dairy cattle in France, 2006–2016

“…In a time series analysis, trends reflect structural dynamics and the detection of trends was used to monitor long-term movement, particularly in AMR (López-Lozano et al, 2000;Mühlemann et al, 2006;Doernberg et al, 2015;Boireau et al, 2018b). A trend is defined as the long-term variation along with seasonality and noise (i.e., the residual components).…”

“…The models presented in this paper included nonparametric smooth functions of calendar time selected by cross-validation and designed to control for trend and seasonality (Wood, 2008). The GAM models were structured and analysis performed as described in Boireau et al (2018b). Smoothing parameters were estimated using cross-validation.…”

“…Even if the amplitude is limited, this rise is particularly worrying because 3GC have been classified as critically important antibiotics (Collignon et al, 2009). In comparison with other animal production sectors, a previous study reported that after reaching high levels of resistance, trends in 3GC resistance have been declining in poultry and swine production since 2010 and in 2015 their proportions of resistance were below 10% (Boireau et al, 2018b). Resistance dynamics are clearly different between animal species and pathologies.…”