Antimicrobial resistance of aeromonas spp. isolated from the sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Latvia

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas spp. bacteria isolated from the sea trout (Salmo trutta) from the state fish hatcheries of the Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment 'BIOR', Latvia. Bacteriological investigations were performed at four state fish hatcheries located in the drainage basins of the main Latvian rivers -Daugava, Venta and Gauja, during the five-year period (2012 -2016). In fish with visible clinical signs, bacteriological samples were collected from heart, liver, spleen, kidney and ulcer surfaces. Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida were isolated from sea trouts. A total of 52 individual sea trouts were examined. Resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, colistin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was tested. The results of this study suggest a multi-drug resistance pattern among the A. hydrophila isolates. All the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), cephalexin (100%) and erythromycin (100%). The lowest level of resistance was found against florfenicol (4.55%), gentamycin (4.55%), kanamycin (4.55%), but susceptibility was recorded to enrofloxacin, neomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. A. salmonicida isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline (9.38%) and tetracycline (9.38%). For other antibiotics A. salmonicida isolates were susceptible.

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonads Isolated from Freshwater Ornamental Fish in Chiang Mai Province

“…Interestingly, these researchers also observed a resistance to gentamicin and amikacin of 17.19% and 12.50%, respectively [ 31 ]. In contrast to our results, Hossain et al [ 6 ], Revina et al [ 13 ], John et al [ 24 ], Stratev et al [ 22 ], Dood N. [ 26 ], Vivekanandhan et al [ 29 ], and Odeyemi et al [ 35 ] reported that the least resistance was to aminoglycosides.…”

“…Resistant Aeromonas spp. have been identified in various aquatic sources, including sea trout in Latvia; ornamental fish in India; goldfish in Korea and Thailand (100% amoxicillin resistance); diseased ornamental fish in Thailand (92.31% were resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin, and 83.33% were resistant to ampicillin); skin and water from imported ornamental fish in Portugal (95% were resistant to amoxicillin, 96% resistant to carbenicillin, and 94% resistant to ampicillin); fish and prawn in south India (100% were resistant to methicillin); and water and fish from freshwater fish farms in Syria (more than 75% were resistant to amoxicillin) [ 6 , 13 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Beta-lactam tolerance in bacteria is frequently due to the presence of the beta-lactamase enzyme, which is produced by aeromonads and many strains of Gram-negative bacilli.…”

“…These results are in agreement with the study of Aeromonas spp. isolated from sea trout in Latvia in which more than 90% of bacteria were resistant to oxytetracycline [ 13 ]. Similar results were reported by Jongjareanjai et al [ 30 ], Kanchan et al [ 23 ], and Dood N. [ 26 ], whose data indicated that 84.62%, 50.00%, and 65% of Aeromonas spp.…”

“…This management practice has been used widely for more than thirty years [ 2 , 11 , 12 ]. However, indiscriminate use, comprehensive overuse, and the lack of proper clinical examination before using antimicrobials or treating infected ornamental fish with antimicrobials increases the potential for antimicrobial resistance of both commensal and pathogenic organisms [ 1 , 3 , 6 , 13 ]. This has reduced the effectiveness of treatments normally used for bacterial infections, making it more difficult and expensive to treat a disease, and causes additional environmental hazards, including the contamination of soil and water, resulting in the development of additional resistant bacteria strains [ 1 , 6 , 14 ].…”

Antimicrobial resistance genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Nile tilapia and Mugil fish farms in Kafr-Elsheikh governorate, Egypt

“…These changes may be due to differences in geographical distribution or treatment regimes. The in-vitro susceptibility tests for the isolated A. hydrophila showed that the tested A. hydrophila strains were highly resistant to amoxicillin may suggest the production of beta-lactamase, which is constant with the findings of Daood, (2012) and Revina et al, (2017). The results of PCR for amplification of blaTEM gene in V. parahaemolyticus strains showed that the blaTEM gene was amplified in all 5 V. Ibrahim (2015) and Okolie (2015).…”