Antimicrobial resistance in urine and skin isolates in Timor-Leste

Marr, Ian; Sarmento, Nevio; O’Brien, Martin; Lee, Karl; Gusmao, Celia; Castro, Gloria de; Janson, Sonja; Tong, Steven Y. C.; Baird, Robert W.; Francis, Joshua

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2017.12.010

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…MRSA is common in Pacific island nations, resulting in bone, joint, lung or blood-stream infections. ( 6 , 15 ) While inclusion of vancomycin on essential medication lists has cost and logistical implications, it needs to be considered for management of proven MRSA bacteraemia and empirical management of severe sepsis. Standard treatment guidelines will require revision, and clinicians will require education concerning the use and monitoring of vancomycin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samoa and East Timor have also recorded high rates of MRSA. ( 7 , 15 ) The 2017 data from Honiara, Solomon Islands indicated low rates of MRSA (2% of 53 isolates).…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…ESBL isolates are also prevalent in New Caledonia, Fiji and East Timor. ( 7 , 15 , 16 ) The 2017 data from Honiara found non-susceptibility to ceftriaxone to be 15% (200 tested isolates).…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality microbiological diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, an essential component of antimicrobial resistance surveillance and control efforts in Pacific island nations

Ferguson

Joseph

Kangapu

et al. 2020

WPSAR

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Problem: Emerging bacterial antimicrobial (antibiotic) resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human health. However, a majority of lower income countries do not have microbiological diagnostic testing for prompt, reliable confirmation of bloodstream infection and identification of AMR. Context: Clinicians in Pacific island nations are increasingly challenged by patients who have infection due to antimicrobialresistant bacteria. Treatment of infection remains empirical because of a lack of diagnostic testing capacity and may follow guidelines that were formulated without reference to local measures of AMR prevalence. There is limited understanding among clinicians of microbiology testing and test interpretation. Action: Examine the lessons learnt from pilot laboratory development programmes in two Pacific island nations that focused on establishing standard procedures for micrological diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and on improving the training of clinicians to increase their use of laboratory services. Outcome: The pilot programmes addressed a range of logistical difficulties and evaluated two blood culture systems. They also examined and improved internal QC implementation and evaluated the prevalence of AMR. Discussion: Continued development of microbiological diagnostic capability in the Pacific region is paramount. Pacific Island nations need to develop the capability of at least one central laboratory to culture AMR pathogens and subject them to quality-controlled AST or arrange for suitable referral to a nearby country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samoa and East Timor have also recorded high rates of MRSA. ( 7 , 15 ) The 2017 data from Honiara, Solomon Islands indicated low rates of MRSA (2% of 53 isolates).…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality microbiological diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, an essential component of antimicrobial resistance surveillance and control efforts in Pacific island nations

Ferguson

Joseph

Kangapu

et al. 2020

WPSAR

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“…Commercial automated systems for the identification and determination of bacterial susceptibility are usually based on the same principles as conventional tests, as they use miniaturized versions of these tests. In addition, automated systems not only determine susceptibility but also indicate the likely mechanism of antibiotic resistance, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), methicillin resistance in Staphylococci, glycopeptide resistance or high-degree aminoglycosides resistance in Enterococci [100,107,108].…”

Section: Biochemical Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and Identification of Antibiotic Drugs and Bacterial Strains in Biological Samples

2020

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Antibiotics were initially natural substances. However, nowadays, they also include synthetic drugs, which show their activity against bacteria, killing or inhibiting their growth and division. Thanks to these properties, many antibiotics have quickly found practical application in the fight against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, syphilis, gastrointestinal infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, meningitis and septicemia. Antibiotic resistance is currently a detrimental problem; therefore, in addition to the improvement of antibiotic therapy, attention should also be paid to active metabolites in the body, which may play an important role in exacerbating the existing problem. Taking into account the clinical, cognitive and diagnostic purposes of drug monitoring, it is important to select an appropriate analytical method that meets all the requirements. The detection and identification of the microorganism responsible for the infection is also an essential factor in the implementation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. In recent years, clinical microbiology laboratories have experienced revolutionary changes in the way microorganisms are identified. The MALDI-TOF MS technique may be interesting, especially in some areas where a quick analysis is required, as is the case with clinical microbiology. This method is not targeted, which means that no prior knowledge of the infectious agent is required, since identification is based on a database match.

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“…4 Data from Timor-Leste are limited but suggest similarly high rates of Gram-negative resistance. 5,6 Capacity for routine diagnostic microbiology is improving at the National Health Laboratory in Timor-Leste, with support from Menzies, the Northern Territory Department of Health and the Indo-Pacific Centre for Health Security. 7 However, routine AMR surveillance is not yet established.…”

Section: Current Situation In Timor-lestementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in Timor-Leste: building surveillance capacity with a One Health approach

et al. 2020

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Restrictions The Licence does not cover, and there is no permission given for, use of any of the following material found in this publication (if any): • the Commonwealth Coat of Arms (by way of information, the terms under which the Coat of Arms may be used can be found at www.itsanhonour.gov.au); • any logos (including the Department of Health's logo) and trademarks; • any photographs and images; • any signatures; and • any material belonging to third parties. Disclaimer Opinions expressed in Communicable Diseases Intelligence are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Australian Government Department of Health or the Communicable Diseases Network Australia. Data may be subject to revision. Enquiries Enquiries regarding any other use of this publication should be addressed to the Communication Branch,

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Antimicrobial resistance in urine and skin isolates in Timor-Leste

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Quality microbiological diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, an essential component of antimicrobial resistance surveillance and control efforts in Pacific island nations

Quality microbiological diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, an essential component of antimicrobial resistance surveillance and control efforts in Pacific island nations

Determination and Identification of Antibiotic Drugs and Bacterial Strains in Biological Samples

Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in Timor-Leste: building surveillance capacity with a One Health approach

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