Antimicrobial Resistance in the Food Chain in the European Union

Florez‐Cuadrado, Diego; Moreno, Miguel A.; Ugarte‐Ruiz, María; Domı́nguez, Lucas

doi:10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.04.004

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from animals and their products may be due to a variety of reasons [38]. The qualitative results determined by the disk diffusion method suggested that Salmonella isolates in our collection exhibited varying resistance to the 15 tested antimicrobials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Diseased Poultry in Northern China between 2014 and 2018

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Salmonella infection not only causes acute and chronic diseases in poultry flocks, but the infected poultry are among the most important reservoirs for a variety of Salmonella serovars frequently transmitted to humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in local poultry farms in China. Samples (n = 4255), including dead-in-shell embryos, culled day-old-hatchings and 1- to 4-week-old diseased birds, were collected for Salmonella culture from broiler chicken, meat-type duck and pigeon farms in northern China between 2014 and 2018. A total of 103 Salmonella were isolated. S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were the most prevalent serovars, representing 53.4% and 34.9% of the isolates, respectively. Serovar diversity was the highest in ducks, with the S. Apeyeme being isolated for the first time from duck tissues. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). MLST showed that all S. Enteritidis isolates shared the same sequence type (ST11), and Typhimurium showed several rare STs in addition to ST19. In comparison, PFGE showed better discrimination for S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates, with nine distinct pulsotypes being observed. The isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to 15 tested antimicrobials and identified S. Enteritidis isolates (98.18%) with multiple antimicrobial resistance were a cause for concern. Our data on invasive Salmonella infection in meat-type poultry in local farms can be used to identify sources and factors associated with Salmonella spread in poultry and the associated food chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Diseased Poultry in Northern China between 2014 and 2018

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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“…It is noteworthy that all 26 isolates in this study, including those isolated from organic sources, exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). The presence of MDR Salmonella in retail meats in the United States, Canada, and the European Union is well- established ( White et al, 2001 ; Zhao et al, 2006 ; Aslam et al, 2012 ; Florez-Cuadrado et al, 2018 ). In a recent study, 36% of Salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant to two to five antimicrobials despite being isolated from a antimicrobials free turkey production facility ( Sanad et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Serotyping, Molecular Typing, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated From Conventional and Organic Retail Ground Poultry

et al. 2018

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Ground poultry is marketed as a healthier alternative to ground beef despite the fact that poultry is a major source of foodborne Salmonella. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in Oklahoma retail ground poultry and to characterize representative isolates by serotyping, antimicrobial resistance, PFGE patterns, and large plasmid profiling. A total of 199 retail ground poultry samples (150 ground turkey and 49 ground chicken) were investigated. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in ground poultry was 41% (82/199), and the incidence in conventional samples (47%, 66/141) was higher than in organic samples (27%, 16/58). The prevalence of Salmonella in organic ground chicken and organic ground turkey was 33% (3/9) and 26% (13/49), respectively. Twenty six Salmonella isolates (19 conventional and 7 organic) were chosen for further characterization. The following six serotypes and number of isolates per serotype were identified as follows: Tennessee, 8; Saintpaul, 4; Senftenberg, 4; Anatum, 4 (one was Anatum_var._15+); Ouakam, 3; and Enteritidis, 3. Resistance to 16 tested antimicrobials was as follows: gentamycin, 100% (26/26); ceftiofur, 100% (26/26); amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 96% (25/26); streptomycin, 92% (24/26); kanamycin, 88% (23/26); ampicillin, 85% (22/26); cephalothin, 81% (21/26); tetracycline, 35% (9/26); sulfisoxazole, 27% (7/26); nalidixic acid, 15% (4/26); and cefoxitin, 15% (4/26). All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. All screened isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and showed resistance to 4–10 antimicrobials; isolates from organic sources showed resistance to 5–7 antimicrobials. PFGE was successful in clustering the Salmonella isolates into distinct clusters that each represented one serotype. PFGE was also used to investigate the presence of large plasmids using S1 nuclease digestion. A total of 8/26 (31%) Salmonella isolates contained a ∼100 Kb plasmid that was present in all Anatum and Ouakam isolates. In conclusion, the presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella with various serotypes, PFGE profiles, and large plasmids in ground poultry stresses the importance of seeking novel interventions to reduce the risk of this foodborne pathogen. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered a high additional risk and continued surveillance at the retail level could minimize the risk for the consumer.

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“…However, in 2014, erythromycin resistance was found in animal and clinical isolates that carried an rRNA methylating enzyme, the ermB gene (Qin et al ., ; Wang et al ., ). Two years later the ermB gene was detected in C. coli isolates from turkeys and chickens in Spain suggesting the mobilization of this gene through horizontal gene transfer (HGT; Florez‐Cuadrado et al ., , ). Tetracycline resistance, associated with the tetO gene encoding a ribosomal protection protein, has also been observed in Campylobacter since 1987 (Sougakoff et al ., ) and new enzymes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides continue to be discovered in Campylobacter (Lambert et al ., ; Iovine, ; Zhao et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene pool transmission of multidrug resistance among Campylobacter from livestock, sewage and human disease

Mourkas

Florez‐Cuadrado

Pascoe

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary The use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine has coincided with a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food‐borne pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Faecal contamination from the main reservoir hosts (livestock, especially poultry) is the principal route of human infection but little is known about the spread of AMR among source and sink populations. In particular, questions remain about how Campylobacter resistomes interact between species and hosts, and the potential role of sewage as a conduit for the spread of AMR. Here, we investigate the genomic variation associated with AMR in 168 C. jejuni and 92 C. coli strains isolated from humans, livestock and urban effluents in Spain. AMR was tested in vitro and isolate genomes were sequenced and screened for putative AMR genes and alleles. Genes associated with resistance to multiple drug classes were observed in both species and were commonly present in multidrug‐resistant genomic islands (GIs), often located on plasmids or mobile elements. In many cases, these loci had alleles that were shared among C. jejuni and C. coli consistent with horizontal transfer. Our results suggest that specific antibiotic resistance genes have spread among Campylobacter isolated from humans, animals and the environment.

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Antimicrobial Resistance in the Food Chain in the European Union

Cited by 46 publications

References 75 publications

Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Diseased Poultry in Northern China between 2014 and 2018

Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Diseased Poultry in Northern China between 2014 and 2018

Prevalence, Serotyping, Molecular Typing, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated From Conventional and Organic Retail Ground Poultry

Gene pool transmission of multidrug resistance among Campylobacter from livestock, sewage and human disease

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