Antimicrobial resistance and prudent drug use for<i>Streptococcus suis</i>

Varela, Norma P.; Gadbois, P.; Thibault, Claude; Gottschalk, Marcelo; Dick, P.; Wilson, Jeff

doi:10.1017/s1466252313000029

Cited by 89 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…When chemical treatment of the sample was not performed, the Edman degradation was blocked after the first residue, suggesting the presence of modified amino acids commonly found in bacteriocin belonging to the class of lantibiotics. Upon chemical derivatization of putative dehydrated amino acids and methyllanthionine/lanthionine bridges by alkaline ethanethiol, Edman degradation of the first 18 amino acids of the purified bacteriocin yielded the following sequence: Val 1 -Dhb or MeLan(Thr) 2 -X(Ser or Cys or Thr) 3 -Lys 4 -X(Ser or Cys or Thr) 5 Leu 6 -X(Cys or Ser or Thr) 7 -Dhb or MeLan(Thr) 8 -Pro 9 -Gly 10 -X(Cys or Ser or Thr) 11 -Lys 12 -X(Thr) 13 -Gly 14 -Ile 15 -Leu 16 -Met 17 -Dhb(Thr) 18 . None of the modified amino acids (residues 2, 3, 5, 7, (24), a strong similarity of the above 18-amino-acid sequence with the lantibiotic nisin U produced by Streptococcus uberis (25) was highlighted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibiotics have long been used in the swine industry for disease treatment/prevention as well as growth promoters (6,7). This pattern of utilization has likely contributed to the spread of antibiotic resistance and consequently resulted in increased regulation regarding the use of antibiotics in the swine industry.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This pattern of utilization has likely contributed to the spread of antibiotic resistance and consequently resulted in increased regulation regarding the use of antibiotics in the swine industry. Although most strains of S. suis are still highly sensitive to penicillin and amoxicillin, resistances to macrolides, lincosamides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines have been reported in up to 85% of strains (7,8). In addition, Wang et al (9) recently identified a plasmid-borne cfr (chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance) gene in a S. suis isolate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Suicin 90-1330 from a Nonvirulent Strain of Streptococcus suis: a Nisin-Related Lantibiotic Active on Gram-Positive Swine Pathogens

LeBel

Vaillancourt

Frenette

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is known to cause severe infections (meningitis, endocarditis, and septicemia) in pigs and is considered an emerging zoonotic agent. Antibiotics have long been used in the swine industry for disease treatment/prevention and growth promoters. This pattern of utilization resulted in the spread of antibiotic resistance in S. suis worldwide. Interestingly, pigs may harbor S. suis in their tonsils without developing diseases, while North American strains belonging to the sequence type 28 (ST28) are nonvirulent in animal models. Consequently, the aim of this study was to purify and characterize a bacteriocin produced by a nonvirulent strain of S. suis serotype 2, with a view to a potential therapeutic and preventive application. S. suis 90-1330 belonging to ST28 and previously shown to be nonvirulent in an animal model exhibited antibacterial activity toward all S. suis pathogenic isolates tested. The bacteriocin produced by this strain was purified to homogeneity by cationic exchange and reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography. Given its properties (molecular mass of <4 kDa, heat, pH and protease stability, and the presence of modified amino acids), the bacteriocin, named suicin 90-1330, belongs to the lantibiotic class. Using a DNA-binding fluorophore, the bacteriocin was found to possess a membrane permeabilization activity. When tested on other swine pathogens, the suicin showed activity against Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas it was inactive against all Gram-negative bacteria tested. Amino acid sequencing of the purified bacteriocin showed homology (90.9% identity) with nisin U produced by Streptococcus uberis. The putative gene cluster involved in suicin production was amplified by PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of 11 open reading frames, including the structural gene and those required for the modification of amino acids, export, regulation, and immunity. Further studies will evaluate the ability of suicin 90-1330 or the producing strain to prevent experimental S. suis infections in pigs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Suicin 90-1330 from a Nonvirulent Strain of Streptococcus suis: a Nisin-Related Lantibiotic Active on Gram-Positive Swine Pathogens

LeBel

Vaillancourt

Frenette

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…suis is a zoonotic pathogen carried in pigs. Macrolide and tetracycline resistance are very common in pig and human S. suis isolates [75][76][77][78]. This is probably associated with widespread use of tylosin and tetracyclines in pigs over many decades.…”

Section: Streptococcus Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of antibiotic use in the swine industry

Barton

2014

Current Opinion in Microbiology

185

119

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with pigs not only affects pig production but also has an impact on human health through the transfer of resistant organisms and associated genes via the food chain. This can compromise treatment of human infections. In the past most attention was paid to glycopeptide and streptogramin resistance in enterococci, fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter and multi-drug resistance in Escherichia coli and salmonella. While these are still important the focus has shifted to ESBL producing organisms selected by the use of ceftiofur and cefquinome in pigs. In addition Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suddenly emerged in 2007. We also need to consider multi-resistant strains of Streptococcus suis. Environmental contamination arising from piggery wastewater and spreading of manure slurry on pastures is also a growing problem.

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“…Because suitable vaccines were not available, the control of S. suis 2 infections depended almost entirely on the use of antimicrobials. However, the occurrence of high levels of resistance of S. suis to certain antimicrobials (e.g., macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides) has limited the choice of antimicrobial agents for treatment (6). It has previously been reported that the majority of S. suis strains are susceptible to ␤-lactams (MIC of Յ0.03 g/ml).…”

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In Vivo Pharmacodynamics of Cefquinome in a Neutropenic Mouse Thigh Model of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 at Varied Initial Inoculum Sizes

Guo

Liao

Wang

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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c Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and causes severe disease in both pigs and human beings. Cefquinome (CEQ), a fourth-generation cephalosporin, exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as S. suis. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of CEQ against four strains of S. suis serotype 2 in a murine neutropenic thigh infection model. We investigated the effect of varied inoculum sizes (10 6 to 10 8 CFU/thigh) on the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) indices and magnitudes of a particular PK/PD index or dose required for efficacy. Dose fractionation studies included total CEQ doses ranging from 0.625 to 640 mg/kg/24 h. Data were analyzed via a maximum effect (E max ) model using nonlinear regression. The PK/PD studies demonstrated that the percentage of time that serum drug levels were above the MIC of free drug (%ƒT >MIC ) in a 24-h dosing interval was the primary index driving the efficacy of both inoculum sizes (R 2 ‫؍‬ 91% and R 2 ‫؍‬ 63%). CEQ doses of 2.5 and 40 mg/kg body weight produced prolonged postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of 2.45 to 8.55 h. Inoculum sizes had a significant influence on CEQ efficacy. Compared to the CEQ exposure and dosages in tests using standard inocula, a 4-fold dose (P ‫؍‬ 0.006) and a 2-fold exposure time (P ‫؍‬ 0.01) were required for a 1-log kill using large inocula of 10 8 CFU/thigh. Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen in the swine industry and causes significant economic losses worldwide. Moreover, it is an emerging zoonotic pathogen causing severe infection in people who have close contact with diseased pigs or pork-derived products (1, 2). To date, 35 serotypes based on S. suis capsular antigens have been described. S. suis serotype 2 is the most virulent and the dominant pathogenic serotype. It has been associated with a variety of severe clinical infections such as meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, arthritis, and endocarditis in both pigs and humans (3, 4). Significant public health concerns were raised due to large outbreaks of S. suis 2 in humans that occurred in China in 1998 and 2005 that caused high morbidity and mortality (5). Because suitable vaccines were not available, the control of S. suis 2 infections depended almost entirely on the use of antimicrobials. However, the occurrence of high levels of resistance of S. suis to certain antimicrobials (e.g., macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides) has limited the choice of antimicrobial agents for treatment (6). It has previously been reported that the majority of S. suis strains are susceptible to ␤-lactams (MIC of Յ0.03 g/ml). This suggested that these drugs may be efficacious in the treatment of S. suis 2 infections (7).Cefquinome (CEQ) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin developed solely for veterinary use and has been highly effective against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (8). CEQ has also been tested and was shown to be effective in animals using a standard thig...

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Antimicrobial resistance and prudent drug use forStreptococcus suis

Cited by 89 publications

References 62 publications

Suicin 90-1330 from a Nonvirulent Strain of Streptococcus suis: a Nisin-Related Lantibiotic Active on Gram-Positive Swine Pathogens

Suicin 90-1330 from a Nonvirulent Strain of Streptococcus suis: a Nisin-Related Lantibiotic Active on Gram-Positive Swine Pathogens

Impact of antibiotic use in the swine industry

In Vivo Pharmacodynamics of Cefquinome in a Neutropenic Mouse Thigh Model of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 at Varied Initial Inoculum Sizes

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