Antimicrobial Power of Organic Acids and Nature-Identical Compounds against Two Vibrio spp.: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Vibrosis is one of the major threats in aquaculture farming, and due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance of different Vibrio species, there is an urgent need to replace conventional treatments with more sustainable solutions. Antimicrobial molecules such as organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role in the infection management of terrestrial livestock, but little is known about their usage in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary screening of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a wide panel of OA and NIC against 2 Vibrio species characteristic of the Mediterranean area, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum, through minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration tests. The active principles that showed the best effective pathogen control were medium-chain fatty acids, sorbic and benzoic acid among OA and phenolic monoterpenoids (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) and aromatic monoterpene aldehydes (vanillin and cinnamaldehyde) among NIC. These results showed how the usage of OA and NIC can open promising perspectives in terms of Vibrio spp. load control in aquaculture. Natural or nature-identical feed additives can make aquaculture production not only more efficient by reducing the need for medicated treatments, but also more sustainable.

Modulatory effect of Gracilaria gracilis on European seabass gut microbiota community and its functionality

“…In the anterior intestine, Photobacterium presented a possible antagonistic (i.e., negative correlation) relation with Propionibacterium, a microorganism that produces propionic acid, a short-chain fatty acid with antimicrobial properties 74 . There was an evident cluster where the genera Burkholderia and Streptococcus were correlated due to their abundance reduction in fish fed the diets with algae inclusion.…”

Toxicity assessment and anti‐Vibrio activity of essential oils: Potential for application in shrimp aquaculture

“…There was some research on the effect of pure EOCs against Vibrio (non‐AHPND strains). In a preliminary study, 44 a wide panel of single EOC (thymol, carvacrol, vanillin, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, α‐pinene, eucalyptol, menthol, linalool, limonene and vanillin) were used to determine their antibacterial activity against two Vibrio species ( V. anguillarum and V. harveyi ). The result showed the most effective EOC were the terpenes thymol (MIC: 1.88 mM against V. anguillarum , 0.94 mM against V. harveyi ), carvacrol (MIC: 1.88 mM against V. anguillarum , 0.94 mM against V. harveyi ), eugenol (MIC: 1.88 mM against V. anguillarum and V. harveyi ), geraniol (MIC: 7.5 mM against V. anguillarum and V. harveyi ) and the terpenic aldehydes cinnamaldehyde (MIC: 3.75 mM against V. anguillarum , 1.88 mM against V. harveyi ) and vanillin (MIC: 3.75 mM against V. anguillarum and V. harveyi ).…”

Chemical-Based Methodologies to Extend the Shelf Life of Fresh Fish—A Review

“…This could be an interesting strategy to inhibit pathogens such as L. monocytogenes, Escherichia coli [60], and Vibrio spp. [61] and reduce bacterial loads responsible for fish spoilage, as is the case for Pseudomonas spp., LAB, H 2 S-producing bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae [62]. These are the main bacterial groups responsible for fish spoilage and foodborne illnesses caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish.…”