Antimicrobial Peptides from Marine Proteobacteria

Abstract

After years of inadequate use and the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains, the efficiency of “classical” antibiotics has decreased significantly. New drugs to fight MDR strains are urgently needed. Bacteria hold much promise as a source of unusual bioactive metabolites. However, the potential of marine bacteria, except for Actinomycetes and Cyanobacteria, has been largely underexplored. In the past two decades, the structures of several antimicrobial compounds have been elucidated in marine Proteobacteria. Of these compounds, polyketides (PKs), synthesised by condensation of malonyl-coenzyme A and/or acetyl-coenzyme A, and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), obtained through the linkage of (unusual) amino acids, have recently generated particular interest. NRPs are good examples of naturally modified peptides. Here, we review and compile the data on the antimicrobial peptides isolated from marine Proteobacteria, especially NRPs.

Marine Pharmacology in 2012–2013: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action

“…In 2012–2013, several reviews were published covering general and/or specific areas of marine preclinical pharmacology: (a) marine pharmacology and marine pharmaceuticals : new marine natural products and relevant biological activities published in 2010 and 2011 [243,244]; natural products drug discovery as a continuing source of novel drug leads [245]; guiding principles for natural product drug discovery [246]; challenges and triumphs to genomic-based natural product discovery and pharmacology [247]; future of marine natural products drug discovery [248]; bioactive marine natural products from Antarctic and Arctic organisms [249]; biological activities of terpenes from the soft coral genus Sarcophyton [250]; pharmacologically active marine peptides from fish and shellfish [251]; preclinical pharmacology of marine diterpene glycosides [252]; bioactivity of fucoidan, a complex algal sulfated polysaccharide [253]; therapeutic application of marine fucanomics and galactanomics in drug development [254]; marine pharmacology of cosmopolitan brown alga Cystoseira genus secondary metabolites [255]; pharmacological activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae [256]; biological activities and functions of halogenated organic molecules of red algae Rhodomelaceae [257]; pharmacological potential of marine cyanobacterial secondary metabolites [258]; pharmaceutical agents from filamentous marine cyanobacteria [259]; chemistry and preclinical pharmacology of sponge glycosides [260]; sea cucumbers as drug candidates [261]; bioactives from microalgal dinoflagellates [262]; the global marine pharmaceutical pipeline in 2017: U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved compounds and those in Phase I, II and III of clinical development ; (b) antimicrobial marine pharmacology : antimicrobial non-ribosomal peptides from abundant α-, γ- and δ-marine Proteobacteria classes [263]; marine bacteria as potential sources for compounds to overcome methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [264]; marine coral alkaloids and antibacterial activities [265]; marine fish and invertebrates as sources of antimicrobial peptides [266]; marine actinomycetes as an emerging resource for drug development [267]; chemistry and biological activity of marine Bacillus sp. secondary metabolites [268]; marine compounds with therapeutic potential in Gram-negative sepsis [269]; antimicrobial properties of tunichromes [270]; drug disco...…”

Diversity and antagonistic potential of bacteria isolated from marine grass Halodule uninervis

“…Species of different genera, Sulfitobacter, Roseivivax, and Ruegeria mainly belong to α-Proteobacteria. Strains belong to Sulfitobacter and Ruegeria and vibrio already reported for antimicrobial activities (Desriac et al 2013;Blunt et al 2015). While for Roseivivax and Moraxella spp., no such activity has been reported before.…”

Novelnonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)genes sequenced from intertidal mudflat bacteria

“…These analyses revealed two novel A domain signatures for these Proteobacteria (I4014 & I4017). NRPS from this phylum are less studied than those coming from Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria, even though the Proteobacteria phylum is known to be the most abundant in marine environments (Desriac et al, 2013). Therefore, the biotechnological interest of Proteobacteria may have been underestimated.…”