Antimicrobial peptide hCAP‐18/LL‐37 protein and mRNA expressions in different periodontal diseases

Abstract

hCAP-18/LL-37 has an important role in innate response during periodontal inflammation. Local deficiency in hCAP-18/LL-37 might be a confounding effect in the pathogenesis of generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Involvement of the P2X₇ Purinergic Receptor and c-Jun N-Terminal and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases in Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E₂ Induction by LL-37

“…Furthermore, findings from some in vivo studies have demonstrated that LL-37 is usually associated with periodontal disease, a common oral inflammatory disorder [7,8,9]. For example, the levels of mRNA expression coding for hCAP-18 in tissue samples with chronic periodontitis appear to be upregulated compared with healthy control tissue [8]. Likewise, the levels of LL-37 are elevated in GCF of patients with chronic periodontitis [6,9].…”

“…The levels of LL-37, derived from hCAP-18 by proteolytic cleavage, are also detectable in saliva [5] and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) [6]. Furthermore, findings from some in vivo studies have demonstrated that LL-37 is usually associated with periodontal disease, a common oral inflammatory disorder [7,8,9]. For example, the levels of mRNA expression coding for hCAP-18 in tissue samples with chronic periodontitis appear to be upregulated compared with healthy control tissue [8].…”

Periodontal Disease and Gingival Innate Immunity – Who Has the Upper Hand?

“…The levels of AMPs in GCF are thought to be associated with periodontal disease, as demonstrated by Puklo et al that the GCF HNP1-3 levels were higher in patients with aggressive or chronic periodontitis when compared to healthy controls (Puklo, Guentsch et al 2008). Gingival tissue samples from chronic periodontitis patients showed elevated mRNA expression and higher immunostaining of LL-37 on neutrophils, while the LL-37 levels were also elevated in the GCF of periodontitis patients (Hosokawa, Hosokawa et al 2006;Turkoglu, Emingil et al 2009;Turkoglu, Kandiloglu et al 2011). In addition, patients with morbus Kostmann syndrome, an inherited disorder that causes lower than normal levels of neutrophils, have been found to be more susceptible to periodontal disease, while those with a bone marrow transplant are not (Putsep, Carlsson et al 2002).…”

Local concentration of systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole in healthy and inflamed gingiva: a comparative in vivo study

“…After controlling infl ammation with non-surgical debridement, a 16 % decrease in gingival pocket fl uid fl ow and a slightly reduced level of 9 % in the drug level were observed, and these were statistically signifi cant. The infl ammation that occurred in soft tissue compromised the immunological balance and cellular infi ltration rate in both epithelium and connective tissue compared with healthy sites (19) .…”