Antimicrobial modified hydroxyapatite composite dental bite by stereolithography

Abstract

This study is aimed at the synthesis of antimicrobial hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based composites for dental application by stereolithography (SLA). A micron-sized commercial HAP was modified by methacrylate and quaternary ammonium salt, and, then, it was used in different amounts (namely 2.5, 5, and 10 wt%) as filler for a photocurable custom made resin for SLA.Thermal stability, microstructure, and particles size of the pristine (HAP) and modified HAP (mHAP) were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and particle size analyser (CILAS). The suitability of each formulation for stereolithography process was assessed by measuring viscosity, degree of conversion (DC%) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), glass transition temperature, and thermal stability. Photo-cured specimens for physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial testing were built by SLA. The flexural strength of the samples was measured using a 3-point bending test method, and the fractured surface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of samples was investigated against some standard microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans), as representative Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungus, respectively. The flexural strength increased with a filler content up to 5% and slightly decreased for higher content. SEM analysis confirmed the presence of uniformly distributed HAP. The incorporation of mHAP reduced the bacterial and fungal growth in dose-dependent manner in comparison with the neat samples. Finally, a prototype of dental bite was built by SLA. KEYWORDSantibacterial, dental bite, quaternary ammonium, stereolithography

Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Stereolithography 3D Printed Structures by the Effects of Incorporated Controllably Annealed Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles

“…Lately, the materialization of nanocomposites through enhancing photopolymerization has engrossed a huge amount of attention of researchers. In particular, there is a vast consideration based on the nano distribution phases comprising nanosized metals [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The metal oxide-based semiconductor nanoparticle has been the focus of substantial research attention in recent years [40].…”

Progress in Microneedle-Mediated Protein Delivery

“…Moreover, some types of MNs, e.g., hydrogel-forming MNs, are not affected by gamma irradiation (25 KiloGray (kGy)) in terms of their physical properties and drug bioactivity [146]. Another approach could be the use of materials that show antimicrobial properties, e.g., chitosan and its derivatives, as well as quaternary ammonium functionalized polymers [150][151][152][153]. In this case, additional safety concerns regarding the health of the selected materials must be addressed.…”

Biodegradable Polymeric Micro/Nano-Structures with Intrinsic Antifouling/Antimicrobial Properties: Relevance in Damaged Skin and Other Biomedical Applications

“…In light of this, additive manufacturing technologies may represent the key to synergistically exploit topologies and biomaterials as a powerful alternative to the traditional methodologies (e.g., etching), creating optimized surface topologies made of tuned materials able to either kill or repulse microbes. Examples of such an approach are the development of optimized antimicrobial/antifouling fibers fabricated via electrospinning [15,142], tuned hydrogels fabricated with 3D printing technologies [16,23], or the employment of stereolithography to modify hydroxyapatite-based composites for manufacturing antimicrobial dental bites [143].…”