Antimicrobial Impact of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Medical Critical Yeasts and Bacteria Cultures

Previous studies on the antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma showed varying effects against mecA⁺ or mecA^-Staphylococcus aureus strains. This observation may have important clinical and epidemiological implications. Here, the antibacterial activity of argon plasma was investigated against 78 genetically different S. aureus strains, stratified by mecA, luk-P, agr1-4, or the cell wall capsule polysaccharide types 5 and 8. kINPen09® served as the plasma source for all experiments. On agar plates, mecA⁺luk-P^-S. aureus strains showed a decreased susceptibility against plasma compared to other S. aureus strains. This study underlines the high complexity of microbial defence against antimicrobial treatment and confirms a previously reported strain-dependent susceptibility of S. aureus to plasma treatment.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma against 78 Genetically Different (mecA, luk-P, agr or Capsular Polysaccharide Type) Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Matthes

Lührman

Holtfreter³

et al. 2016

“…This plasma jet consists of a concentric inner electrode driven by a high-frequency power supply and a grounded outer electrode [17,18,19,20]. The plasma is ignited between both electrodes and flows out of an opened nozzle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies showed that CAPs exhibit profound bactericidal and fungicidal properties in vitro depending on the chosen plasma parameters, in particular on the process gas used, the input power, and the number of treatments performed [17]. The aim of this paper is to investigate the interaction of CAP generated by the plasma MEF nozzle with human skin cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose- and Time-Dependent Cellular Effects of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Evaluated in 3D Skin Models

Wiegand

Fink²,

Beier³

et al. 2016

Background: Application of cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs) in or on the human body was termed ‘plasma medicine'. So far, plasmas were utilized for sterilization of implants, other heat-sensitive products, or employed for chemical surface modifications. By now, CAPs are further used effectively for wound treatment. The present study analyses the effect of a plasma jet with air or nitrogen as process gas, previously evaluated for antimicrobial efficacy, on human cells using a 3D skin model. Methods: CAP treatment of 3D skin models consisting of a keratinocyte-containing epidermal layer and a fibroblast/collagen dermal matrix was performed using the Tigres plasma MEF technology. To evaluate the effects on the 3D skin models, the following plasma parameters were varied: process gas, input power, and treatment time. Results: Low CAP doses exhibited good cell compatibility. Increasing input power or elongating treatment intervals led to detrimental effects on 3D skin model morphology as well as to release of inflammatory cytokines. It was further observed that air as process gas was more damaging compared to nitrogen. Conclusions: Treatment of 3D skin models with the plasma MEF nozzle using air or nitrogen is reported. A clearly dose- and time-dependent effect of CAPs could be observed in which the CAP based on nitrogen exhibited higher cell compatibility than the CAP generated from air. These settings might be recommended for medical in vivo applications such as wound decontamination.

“…The microbicidal effect of CAP was observed in vitro [256,257,258,259,260,261] on skin and chronic wounds, and exceeds the effectiveness of CHD, PVP-I, and PHMB. In a 3D epidermis model, CAP displayed dose- and time-dependent compatibility [256]; P. aeruginosa was inactivated without destroying the structure of the epidermis.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus on Wound Antisepsis: Update 2018

Krämer

Dissemond²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

243

215

Wound antisepsis has undergone a renaissance due to the introduction of highly effective wound-compatible antimicrobial agents and the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). However, a strict indication must be set for the application of these agents. An infected or critically colonized wound must be treated antiseptically. In addition, systemic antibiotic therapy is required in case the infection spreads. If applied preventively, the Wounds-at-Risk Score allows an assessment of the risk for infection and thus appropriateness of the indication. The content of this updated consensus recommendation still largely consists of discussing properties of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), polihexanide, and iodophores. The evaluations of hypochlorite, taurolidine, and silver ions have been updated. For critically colonized and infected chronic wounds as well as for burns, polihexanide is classified as the active agent of choice. The combination 0.1% OCT/phenoxyethanol (PE) solution is suitable for acute, contaminated, and traumatic wounds, including MRSA-colonized wounds due to its deep action. For chronic wounds, preparations with 0.05% OCT are preferable. For bite, stab/puncture, and gunshot wounds, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-iodine is the first choice, while polihexanide and hypochlorite are superior to PVP-iodine for the treatment of contaminated acute and chronic wounds. For the decolonization of wounds colonized or infected with MDROs, the combination of OCT/PE is preferred. For peritoneal rinsing or rinsing of other cavities with a lack of drainage potential as well as the risk of central nervous system exposure, hypochlorite is the superior active agent. Silver-sulfadiazine is classified as dispensable, while dyes, organic mercury compounds, and hydrogen peroxide alone are classified as obsolete. As promising prospects, acetic acid, the combination of negative pressure wound therapy with the instillation of antiseptics (NPWTi), and cold atmospheric plasma are also subjects of this assessment.