Antimicrobial, function, and crystalline analysis on the cellulose fibre extracted from the banana tree trunks
Raja Thandavamoorthy,
Yuvarajan Devarajan,
Nandagopal Kaliappan
Abstract:Bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and antibacterial agents are found in natural fibres. In this study, banana fibre was extracted from the trunks of banana plants. Antibacterial activity, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis were performed to characterize the banana cellulose fibre, and also raw and alkali-treated banana fibre composite was fabricated with an epoxy matrix. Results of the antibacterial analysis indicate that this banana cellulose fibre strongly impedes bacterial growth with … Show more
“…During bending load, basalt fibres can transmit the load in a different direction and increase bending capacity due to incorporating a thicker basalt layer into composite samples. In contrast, flax fibre does not possess a greater bending capacity than basalt fibre 31 . In sample C, 19.5 MPa were given, and the flexural strength showing the equal ratio of chopped madar fibre and bran nanofillers can reduce the flexural loss compared to sample D and sample E. Figure 5 Flexural strength of composite laminates.…”
In recent trends, the usage of synthetic materials has been reduced by introducing natural fibres for lightweight applications. In this study, Madar (Calotropis gigantea) fibre is selected for the reinforcement phase (40%), and the epoxy polymer is blended with bran filler selected as a matrix material. To calculate hybrid composite mechanical characteristics, five composite laminates with different fibre/filler weight ratios were made. The results show that when the weight ratio of madar fibre increased, the superior mechanical properties were observed in the composite laminate sample (A), such as tensile strength (20.85 MPa), flexural strength (24.14 MPa), impact energy absorption (23 J) compared with an increasing the weight ratio of bran nanofiller to this composite material. At the same time, increasing bran nanofillers can improve thermal stability up to 445 °C of degrading temperature. To analyse the surface interaction between the madar fibres, bran nanofillers, and epoxy matrix by conducting the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis before subjecting to the mechanical test and also to identify the failure mode by conducting the SEM test after the laminates are broken during the mechanical tests of the hybrid composite.
“…During bending load, basalt fibres can transmit the load in a different direction and increase bending capacity due to incorporating a thicker basalt layer into composite samples. In contrast, flax fibre does not possess a greater bending capacity than basalt fibre 31 . In sample C, 19.5 MPa were given, and the flexural strength showing the equal ratio of chopped madar fibre and bran nanofillers can reduce the flexural loss compared to sample D and sample E. Figure 5 Flexural strength of composite laminates.…”
In recent trends, the usage of synthetic materials has been reduced by introducing natural fibres for lightweight applications. In this study, Madar (Calotropis gigantea) fibre is selected for the reinforcement phase (40%), and the epoxy polymer is blended with bran filler selected as a matrix material. To calculate hybrid composite mechanical characteristics, five composite laminates with different fibre/filler weight ratios were made. The results show that when the weight ratio of madar fibre increased, the superior mechanical properties were observed in the composite laminate sample (A), such as tensile strength (20.85 MPa), flexural strength (24.14 MPa), impact energy absorption (23 J) compared with an increasing the weight ratio of bran nanofiller to this composite material. At the same time, increasing bran nanofillers can improve thermal stability up to 445 °C of degrading temperature. To analyse the surface interaction between the madar fibres, bran nanofillers, and epoxy matrix by conducting the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis before subjecting to the mechanical test and also to identify the failure mode by conducting the SEM test after the laminates are broken during the mechanical tests of the hybrid composite.
“…Compression molding is a manufacturing technique that involves the simultaneous application of pressure and heat. This process is commonly carried out at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 10 MPa in order to consolidate the layers of a composite material 24 . The procedure above enables the successful curing of epoxy resin, leading to the formation of a robust and cohesive composite material consisting of glass/madar fibers and epoxy.…”
Section: Materials and Experimental Methodsmentioning
The present study aims to examine the characteristics of a composite material composed of glass/madar fibers and porcelain particles, which are reinforced with epoxy. A compression molding technique achieves the fabrication of this composite. A comprehensive characterization was conducted by employing a mixture of analytical techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The composition of the composite was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which demonstrated the successful integration of porcelain fillers. The material exhibited notable mechanical properties, rendering it appropriate for utilization in structural applications. The utilization of SEM facilitated the examination of the microstructure of the composite material, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the interactions between the fibers and the matrix. DMA results revealed the glass/madar composite contained 4.2% higher viscoelastic properties when the addition of porcelain filler, thermal stability was improved up to the maximum temperature of 357 °C. This study provided significant insights into the properties of a hybrid epoxy composite consisting of glass/madar fibers reinforced porcelain particles.
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