Antimicrobial Efficacy of Commercially Available Toothpastes – An In vitro Study

Abstract

Background: The use of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agent has been proposed as a means of reducing the levels of oral bacteria. Many chemotherapeutic agents claim to have antimicrobial properties. Hence this in vitro study had been undertaken. Methods: This in vitro study comprised of seven toothpastes which have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against three oral pathogens namely, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans by well agar diffusion assay at the dilution of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16. Results: Study results showed that toothpaste 'five' with sodium fluoride and sylodent as main ingredients showed maximum zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans where as against Candida albicans, toothpaste 'six' with xylitol and sodium fluoride as main ingredients showed maximum zone of inhibition. And against E. coli, toothpaste 'one' with Triclosan and Zinc sulphate as main ingredients showed maximum zone of inhibition among all toothpastes. It was observed that tooth paste 'six' with sodium fluoride and Neem, Meswak as main ingredient showed minimum zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at 1:1 dilution among seven toothpastes used in the present study. Conclusion: In the present study, it has been demonstrated that triclosan containing toothpastes formulations are more effective in control of oral micro flora.

Changes of microbial load in packet orange juice after expiration date

“…Sufficient data was not available on the growth of microorganisms after expiration date from other studies as they mostly reported on those which are still consumable state. This increases the importance of the current study, as it allows the better understanding of the patterns of spoilage microorganisms after expiration date, particularly due to the difficulty involved in monitoring the effect of spoiled foods on the consumers (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

“…Juices can also serve as a vehicle of food borne illness, allowing the growth of spoilage causing microorganisms in its nutrient rich medium (6)(7)(8). In most cases pasteurization is able to eliminate most pathogens but some manage to remain in dormant forms (2,9). The major source of contamination is the water used in the products, others include pH, hygienic practices and temperature (10)(11)(12).…”

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Commercially Available Low-fluoride and Fluoride-free Dentifrices for Children

“…All the fluoride-free dentifrices tested in this study except NF2 showed significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans . This could be attributed to various ingredients present in these formulations such as sodium lauryl sulfate, 10 xylitol, 11 sorbitol. 12 No clear explanation could be given for the absence of antimicrobial activity of NF2 except that it is fluoride-free, sodium lauryl sulfate-free, and could also be due to the inhibition of active compounds by other ingredients.…”

Microbiological analysis of commonly used toothpaste samples in Bangladesh

“…According to the American Dental Association (ADA), toothpastes are pastes, gels or powders that help remove plaque, a film of bacteria that forms on teeth and gums. All most all toothpaste contain Silica, Sorbitol, Glycerin, polyethylene, Glycerol, Sodium Carbonate, Laurylsalphate, Carbonate, xanthan, Dioxide inaquesaus base, Calcium, Carbonate, terasodium (9). Among these ingredients some act as antimicrobial agents, they kill microorganisms by disrupting their cell walls and inhibiting their enzymatic activity.…”