23The antimicrobial action of different components present in essential oils including carvacrol, 24 cinnamaldehyde, thymol, squalene, rosmarinic acid, tyrosol, eugenol and -Caryophyllene 25 against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is here reported. Planktonic bacteria as well 26 as a model of biofilm forming bacteria were challenged against those components being 27 carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and thymol the components with the highest antimicrobial action 28 in both different settings. The potential synergy of some of those components against 29 pathogenic bacteria was also analyzed. The antimicrobial mechanism of the different 30 components was analyzed by means of flow cytometry and by electronic and confocal 31 microscopy. Finally, subcytotoxic doses against mammalian cell lines are here reported to 32 highlight the reduced cytotoxicity of those components against eukaryotic cells. Carvacrol, 33 cinnamaldehyde and thymol showed the highest antimicrobial action of all the natural origin 34 compounds tested and lower cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells than conventional antiseptics 35 such as chlorhexidine. The high inhibition in biofilm forming activity of those components 36 highlight also their demonstrate benefits in reducing pathogenic microorganisms. 37 38 Importance 39The use and misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance to human 40 and animal pathogens. Compounds from natural sources such as animals, plants, and 41 microorganisms have been proposed as renewed potential antimicrobial alternatives. The 42 comparative antimicrobial action of different components commonly present in essential oils 43 including carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, squalene, rosmarinic acid, tyrosol, eugenol and 44 -Caryophyllene against S. aureus and E. coli is here reported. Carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and 45 thymol are the components with the highest antimicrobial action. Bacteria membrane 46 disruption represents the bactericidal mechanism attributable to these compounds. In 47 3 addition, the presence of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and thymol hinders S. aureus biofilm 48 formation and partially eliminates preformed biofilms. Those components are less toxic to 49 human cells than chlorhexidine. 50 51 52