Antimicrobial Drug Use in Aquaculture

Reimschuessel, Renate; Miller, Ron; Gieseker, Charles M.

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch39

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…For appropriate use of the drug, it is necessary to administer the right drug at the right dosage. Although general recommended dosing regimens for many aquaculture drugs do exist (Austin, ; Noga, ; Reimschuessel, Miller, & Gieseker, ; Taiwan Council of Agriculture, ; U.S. FDA, ; Wall & Wildgoose, ), they cannot be assumed universal for every occasion, as they depend on fish species, bacteria characteristics, water quality and environmental temperature, etc. Unlike bacterial challenge studies for dosing regimen selection, the PK‐PD approach affords to utilize established PK data to determine an optimal dosage that is adjustable to confounding factors incurred in aquatic animal therapeutics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For appropriate use of the drug, it is necessary to administer the right drug at the right dosage. Although general recommended dosing regimens for many aquaculture drugs do exist (Austin, 2017;Noga, 2010;Reimschuessel, Miller, & Gieseker, 2013 dosing regimen selection, the PK-PD approach affords to utilize established PK data to determine an optimal dosage that is adjustable to confounding factors incurred in aquatic animal therapeutics. Currently, the practical guideline for determining an optimal dosing regimen by PK-PD approach especially for aquatic animals is much needed but lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling for the determination of optimal dosing regimen of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different water temperatures and antimicrobial susceptibility levels

Rairat

Hsieh

Thongpiam

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Optimized dosing regimen is key to the effective use of antibacterials and to minimizing drug‐related side effects. The current study established a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) model for the determination of optimal antibacterial dosing regimen in fish taken into consideration the temperature‐dependent PK and the pathogen‐dependent antimicrobial susceptibility, using florfenicol (FF) in Nile tilapia as an example. The calculated optimal dosages significantly varied by temperature and target MIC levels, ranging from 2.23 (MIC 1 µg/ml at 24°C) to 34.88 mg kg−1 day−1 (MIC 4 µg/ml at 32°C). The appropriateness of the calculated dosages was successfully verified by the in vivo studies. After 5 days of oral administration of the calculated optimal dosage at 24°C, the predicted plasma drug values were in line with the mean observed Cmin(ss) while at 28 and 32°C underestimation of the Cmin(ss) in a dose‐dependent manner was observed and likely due to the occurrence of non‐linear PK at high dosages. The averaged serum protein binding of FF was 19.1%. Our results demonstrated the appropriateness and clinical applicability of the developed PK‐PD approach for the determination of optimal dosing regimens at given temperatures and MICs. Saturation metabolism and PK non‐linearity of FF in tilapia warrant further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For appropriate use of the drug, it is necessary to administer the right drug at the right dosage. Although general recommended dosing regimens for many aquaculture drugs do exist (Austin, 2017;Noga, 2010;Reimschuessel, Miller, & Gieseker, 2013 dosing regimen selection, the PK-PD approach affords to utilize established PK data to determine an optimal dosage that is adjustable to confounding factors incurred in aquatic animal therapeutics. Currently, the practical guideline for determining an optimal dosing regimen by PK-PD approach especially for aquatic animals is much needed but lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling for the determination of optimal dosing regimen of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different water temperatures and antimicrobial susceptibility levels

Rairat

Hsieh

Thongpiam

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…The advantages of this technique are reduced waste, low cost and less environmental contamination. Besides, the treatment is suitable for treating small animal, particularly macro‐invertebrate fairy shrimp (Reimschuessel & Miller ). In the present study, B. thailandensis was employed because it is suitable for mass production to use as live food for feeding ornamental fish and for use as an aquarium animal (Dararat et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the efficacy of antimicrobials on the treatment of diseases, an evaluation of the effects of concentrations and exposure time on the targeted organisms should be first undertaken to Besides, the treatment is suitable for treating small animal, particularly macro-invertebrate fairy shrimp (Reimschuessel & Miller 2006). In the present study, B. thailandensis was employed because it is suitable for mass production to use as live food for feeding ornamental fish and for use as an aquarium animal (Dararat et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bath efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, oxytetracycline dihydrate and chloramphenicol against bacterial black disease in fairy shrimpBranchinella thailandensis

2012

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To control black disease infecting fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensis, the effects of concentrations and exposure time to three effective antimicrobials, which inhibited the pathogens in vitro, were evaluated. Exposure to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) caused a great toxicological response in the shrimp, 100% mortality was observed within 30 min-2 h at 5-20 lg mL À1 . For oxytetracycline dihydrate (OTC) and chloramphenicol (CP), shortterm exposure to four high concentrations up to 5 h and long-term exposure (12 days) to four low concentrations were used to determine an appropriate method for bath efficacy. Long-term exposure to low concentrations was more toxic than the short-term. Short-term exposure to OTC showed the highest survival rate and CP was considered more toxic. The minimum survival rate of the shrimp exposed to both antibiotics at 250 lg mL À1 for 3 h was 83.3%. For determination of the bath efficacy, a short-term exposure (3 h) to OTC and CP was conducted using artificially infected shrimp. Administration of OTC and CP at 250 and 500 lg mL À1 resulted in the highest survival rates of 56.7% and 46.7% respectively. This study demonstrated that bath administration with OTC could be an alternative method for the treatment of black disease in fairy shrimp cultivation.

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“…When antibacterial drugs are applied as bath treatment, it is generally advisable that they should be used daily for 5–7 days (Mashima & Lewbart, 2000). The review of antibacterial immersion and their recommended concentrations can be found in the literature (Mashima & Lewbart, 2000; Noga, 2010; Reimschuessel, Miller, & Gieseker, 2013; Wall & Wildgoose, 2005). The bathing concentrations are usually less than 50 ppm, but the concentrations of 100 ppm or higher are not uncommon for some drugs such as oxytetracycline (up to 100 ppm bath for 1–3 days), oxolinic acid (up to 200 ppm bath for 1–72 hr), flumequine (up to 500 ppm for 1–72 hr), and sulfadimidine + trimethoprim (500 + 100 ppm for 72 hr) (Mashima & Lewbart, 2000; Noga, 2010; Reimschuessel et al., 2013; Wall & Wildgoose, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bath immersion pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Rairat

Kuo

Chang

et al. 2020

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Drug administration by immersion can be a preferable method in certain conditions especially for treating small‐sized, anorexic, or valuable fish. Pharmacokinetic information regarding bath treatment is considerably lacking in comparison to other common administration routes. The current study aimed to investigate if immersion can be an effective route to administer florfenicol (FF) for treatment in Nile tilapia. Nile tilapia reared at 28°C were immersed with FF solution at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500, and 500/200 (3 hr/117 hr) ppm for 120 hr and moved to drug‐free freshwater for another 24 hr. The serum FF concentration in 100, 200, and 500/200 ppm groups reached steady‐state at 12 hr with concentrations of 2.44, 3.04, and 5.26 µg/ml, respectively, which were about 2% of the bathing concentrations. The target therapeutic levels of 1–4 µg/ml were attained and maintained within 1–12 hr, depending on the immersion concentration and the target MIC. Serum FF reached the target with shorter time at higher bathing concentration. Following the 120‐hr bath, the serum FF declined with the first‐order half‐life of approximately 10 hr. A minimum of 100 ppm FF is required for treatment purpose, and an initial high loading concentration followed by maintenance concentration is a plausible way to reach in vivo therapeutic level in short time. Greater than 99% of the residual FF in the bathing water could be removed within 15 min by 0.05% NaOCl. Our results indicated that bath immersion is a promising potential route for FF administration in Nile tilapia.

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Antimicrobial Drug Use in Aquaculture

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling for the determination of optimal dosing regimen of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different water temperatures and antimicrobial susceptibility levels

Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling for the determination of optimal dosing regimen of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different water temperatures and antimicrobial susceptibility levels

Bath efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, oxytetracycline dihydrate and chloramphenicol against bacterial black disease in fairy shrimpBranchinella thailandensis

Bath immersion pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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