Antimicrobial discovery from natural and unusual sources

Ali, Salwa Mansur; Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah; Khan, Naveed Ahmed

doi:10.1111/jphp.12976

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(219 reference statements)

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“…Staphylococcus aureus (Ali et al, 2018;Arora et al, 2011) The type of antimicrobial compound produced in the larval stage is thought to be the main antimicrobial compound in defense of the house fly (M. domestica) from pathogenic microbes to become adult flies (Akhtar et al, 2009;Petridis et al, 2006). The presence of these antimicrobial compounds accumulating and being found in the digestive system of house flies indicates that these compounds will be excreted naturally or with pressure assistance.…”

Section: Methicilin-resistantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking The Source of Antimicrobial Production From House Fly (Musca domestica): Right-Wing of Fly Or Gut System? - A Mini-Review

Asril¹,

Rini

Oktaviani

et al. 2022

EKW

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The house fly (Musca domestica) is a vector of disease-causing bacteria because of its habit of perching and feeding on various substrates of pathogenic bacteria. His role as a disease carrier contradicts the hadith narrated by Bukhari, which is "If a fly falls into your vessel, drown it and then remove it because one of its wings carries disease and the other is the cure". This hadith indicates the presence of antimicrobial compounds produced from the body of flies. Various research reports show that the truth of this hadith is that there are antimicrobial-producing bacterial symbionts on the wings of flies (left and right) that can kill pathogenic bacteria on one of the wings or both. Antimicrobial compounds are also produced naturally in the digestive tract of flies from the larval stage to adulthood as a response to the body's defense against the presence of pathogenic bacteria in their bodies. The antimicrobial compounds are lysozyme, defensin, cecropin, diptericin, and several antimicrobial peptide compounds. This compound can also be removed mechanically through pressure (the process of immersing the fly's body in water). This shows that the process of drowning aims to extract or release antimicrobial compounds from the digestive tract of flies to neutralize pathogenic bacteria that have mixed in the liquid in specific containers. This review aims to examine various reports related to antimicrobial substances produced in flies and their evidence in this hadith.Abstrak: Lalat rumah (Musca domestica) merupakan vektor pembawa bakteri penyebab penyakit karena kebiasaan hinggap dan makan pada berbagai substrat bakteri patogen. Perannya sebagai pembawa penyakit memiliki kontradiksi dengan hadist yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari yaitu “Jika seekor lalat jatuh ke bejana kamu, tenggelamkanlah kemudian singkirkan, karena salah satu sayapnya membawa penyakit dan sayap lainnya adalah obatnya”. Hadist ini mengindikasikan adanya senyawa antimikroba yang dihasilkan dari tubuh lalat. Berbagai laporan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebenaran hadist ini yaitu pada sayap lalat (kiri dan kanan) terdapat bakteri simbion penghasil antimikrob yang mampu membunuh bakteri patogen pada salah satu sayap atau keduanya. Senyawa antimikrob juga dihasilkan secara alami dalam pencernaan lalat sejak tahap larva hingga dewasa sebagai respon pertahanan tubuh terhadap keberadaan bakteri patogen ditubuhnya. Senyawa antimikrob tersebut berupa lisozim, defensin, cecrofin, diptericin dan beberapa senyawa peptida antimikrob. Senyawa ini juga dapat dikeluarkan secara mekanik melalui tekanan (proses penenggelaman tubuh lalat dalam air). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses penenggelaman lalat kedalam air bertujuan untuk mengekstrak atau mengeluarkan senyawa antimikrob dari pencernaan lalat untuk menetralisir bakteri patogen yang telah bercampur dalam cairan di wadah tertentu. Review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai laporan terkait senyawa antimikrob yang dihasilkan pada tubuh lalat dan pembuktiannya pada hadist tersebut.

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Section: Methicilin-resistantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking The Source of Antimicrobial Production From House Fly (Musca domestica): Right-Wing of Fly Or Gut System? - A Mini-Review

Asril¹,

Rini

Oktaviani

et al. 2022

EKW

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and glucosamine, among other saccharides were identified from P. perfoliatus biomass [ 13 ]. Some studies highlighted several preliminary activities of P. perfoliatus , such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antineoplastic effects [ 14 , 15 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic, and Analgesic Properties of Potamogeton perfoliatus Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

et al. 2021

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Natural antioxidants, especially those of plant origins, have shown a plethora of biological activities with substantial economic value, as they can be extracted from agro-wastes and/or under exploited plant species. The perennial hydrophyte, Potamogeton perfoliatus, has been used traditionally to treat several health disorders; however, little is known about its biological and its medicinal effects. Here, we used an integrated in vitro and in vivo framework to examine the potential effect of P. perfoliatus on oxidative stress, nociception, inflammatory models, and brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. Our results suggested a consistent in vitro inhibition of three enzymes, namely 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2), as well as a potent antioxidant effect. These results were confirmed in vivo where the studied extract attenuated carrageenan-induced paw edema, carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity by 25, 44 and 64% at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Moreover, the extract decreased acetic acid-induced vascular permeability by 45% at 600 mg/kg, p.o., and chemical hyperalgesia in mice by 86% by 400 mg/kg, p.o., in acetic acid-induced writhing assay. The extract (400 mg/kg) showed a longer response latency at the 3 h time point (2.5 fold of the control) similar to the nalbuphine, the standard opioid analgesic. Additionally, pronounced antipyretic effects were observed at 600 mg/kg, comparable to paracetamol. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified 15 secondary metabolites that most likely contributed to the obtained biological activities. Altogether, our findings indicate that P. perfoliatus has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and antipyretic effects, thus supporting its traditional use and promoting its valorization as a potential candidate in treating oxidative stress-associated diseases.

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“…Every year, about 2.9 million infections owing to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur and about 36 thousand of them end in death (25). From past to present, antibacterial substances have been isolated from organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, insects, and plants (26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cell-Free Supernatants of Free-Living Amoeba against Some Staphylococcus Bacteria: First Findings from Turkey

Özcan¹,

Zeybek²

2021

ejb

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Objective: Free-living amoeba (FLA) are protozoa living in soil and in natural and man-made water systems. They attract much attention owing to the illnesses associated with them and to their relationships with bacteria. In this study, the effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from FLA against Staphylococcus was investigated.Materials and Methods: Environmental FLA strains (A1, A2, A3) were obtained from lake water and swimming pools in Istanbul. Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 50373 was used as the standard strain. Clinical Staphylococcus strains (S1, S2, S3) were obtained from a culture collection at Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology. As standard strains, MRSA ATCC 43300, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, S. aureus ATCC 29213 were used. FLA-CFS were obtained by centrifuging and filtering of axenic cultures. Colony counting technique was used to investigate the inhibition activities of FLA-CFS against Staphylococcus bacteria.Results: Against MRSA ATCC 43300 strain, CFSs of A. castellanii ATCCC 50373 and A1 showed an inhibition efficiency of 78.36% and 73.47%, respectively. Against S1 strain, CFSs of A. castellanii ATCCC 50373 and A2 showed an inhibition of 65.64% and 15.14%, respectively. Against S. aureus ATCC 29213, only A1-CFS showed inhibitory effect (44%). It was found that A. castellanii ATCC 50373 and A2-CFSs inhibited the S2 strain 26.20% and 9.24% respectively. Against S3 strain, A2-CFS was inhibitory at 33.33%. No FLA-CFS could be inhibitory against S. epidermidis ATCC 12228. Conclusion:It is necessary to devise new studies in which sample numbers are increased when using FLA strains in the inhibition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Antimicrobial discovery from natural and unusual sources

Cited by 27 publications

References 124 publications

Tracking The Source of Antimicrobial Production From House Fly (Musca domestica): Right-Wing of Fly Or Gut System? - A Mini-Review

Tracking The Source of Antimicrobial Production From House Fly (Musca domestica): Right-Wing of Fly Or Gut System? - A Mini-Review

Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic, and Analgesic Properties of Potamogeton perfoliatus Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

The Effect of Cell-Free Supernatants of Free-Living Amoeba against Some Staphylococcus Bacteria: First Findings from Turkey

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