Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Chenopodium glaucum L.

Abstract

We evaluated phytochemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous (water) and organic extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of Chenopodium glaucum. Highest phenolic content 45 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g d.w was found in aqueous extract followed by ethyl acetate (41mg GAE/g d.w) and methanol extract (34.46 mg GAE/g d.w). Antibacterial potential of aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum was examined against Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and S. epidermidis. However, against A. baumannii significantly higher inhibition zone (19 mm and 18.96 mm respectively) was shown by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Aqueous extract possessed highest growth inhibition (11 mm) against E. coli. Aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed 9 mm, 10 mm, and 10.33 mm zone of inhibition against the K. pneumoniae. For antifungal activity, the extracts were less effective against Aspergillus niger but showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The antioxidant activity was measured as DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), H2O2 and ABTS (2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity of free radicals. All the organic extracts of C. glaucum possessed ABTS, DPPH and H2O2 scavenging properties. The highest cytotoxic activity measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against human lungs carcinoma cells was recorded for methanolic (IC50 = 16 μg/mL) and n-hexane (IC50 = 25 μg/mL) extracts, respectively. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed 4 major and 26 minor compounds in n-hexane extract and 4 major and 7 minor compounds in methanol extract of the C. glaucum. It is concluded that aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum would be potential therapeutic agents and could be exploited on a pilot scale to treat human pathogenic diseases.

Structural Characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa Polysaccharides Treated Using Different Decolorization Processes and Their Antioxidant Effects in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

“…The intracellular H 2 O 2 concentration is tightly controlled by various enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative systems, and a higher than steady-state intracellular concentration of H 2 O 2 is thought to induce oxidative stress, which induces growth arrest and cell death [ 72 ]. To select the appropriate H 2 O 2 concentration to model oxidative damage by H 2 O 2 , cells were treated with a concentration gradient of H 2 O 2 and cell viability was assayed by MTT.…”

Urtica pilulifera leaves extract mitigates cadmium induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of antioxidants, inflammatory markers and Nrf-2 signaling in mice

“…Also, linoleic acid esters showed potential anti-inflammatory activity in mammalian cells ( Kolar et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride is a bioactive compound that has been reported for its strong antioxidant properties ( Khan et al, 2021 ).…”

Utilizing bio-synthesis of nanomaterials as biological agents for controlling soil-borne diseases in pepper plants: root-knot nematodes and root rot fungus

“…Zinc-based nanoparticles possess targeted antimicrobial capabilities and low to negligible phytotoxic activities, making them effective against a variety of phytopathogens with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-toxigenic properties. Applying these formulations in open fields or greenhouse conditions can be done in several ways [ 16 ]. Fungal biomolecules are used to produce a capping that gives stability and can support other biological functions, such as the creation of safe nanofungicides.…”

“…This is just one advantage of using fungus in the biogenic synthesis of ZnONPs. T. harzianum cell filtrate has only been utilized sparingly in publications as a reducer and stabilizer agent during the synthesis of ZnONPs [ 14 , 16 ]. Consequently , our study is aimed at the biosynthesis of ZnONPs to improve sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. ) resistance against F. oxysporum and M. incognita under greenhouse conditions and their impacts on vegetative growth parameters, and physiological features.…”