Antimicrobial anilinium polymers: The properties of poly(N,N‐dimethylaminophenylene methacrylamide) in solution and as coatings

Abstract

Antimicrobial polymers have been widely reported to exert strong biocidal effects against bacteria. In contrast with antimicrobial polymers with aliphatic ammonium groups, polymers with anilinium groups have been rarely studied and applied as biocidal materials. In this study, a representative polymer with aniline side functional groups, poly(N,N‐dimethylaminophenylene methacrylamide) (PDMAPMA), was explored as a novel antimicrobial polymer. PDMAPMA was synthesized and its physicochemical properties evaluated. The methyl iodide‐quaternized polymer was tested against the Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 16–32 and 64–128 μg mL−1, respectively. Against the Gram‐negative Escherichia coli, the MIC and MBC were both 64–128 μg mL−1. To broaden the range of applications, PDMAPMA was coated on substrates via crosslinking to endow the surface with contact‐kill functionality. The effect of charge density of the coatings on the antimicrobial behavior was then investigated, and stronger biocidal performance was observed for films with higher charge density. This study of the biocidal behavior of PDMAPMA both in solution and as coatings is expected to broaden the application of polymers containing aniline side groups and provide more information on the antimicrobial behavior of such materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1908–1921

Revealing the Molecular-Level Interactions between Cationic Fluorinated Polymer Sorbents and the Major PFAS Pollutant PFOA

“…. 32,33 All polymers have a low molar mass dispersity determined by using size exclusion chromatography (Đ < 1.2, Table 1). See Table 1 for a comprehensive tabulation of characterization data.…”

Trialkylammonium salt degradation: implications for methylation and cross-coupling

“…19, see Experimental ESI Section 20 † for optimisation). A range of substituents and structural complexities around the phenol ring were tolerated in these methylation reactions, and most with good to excellent isolated yields (17,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)34). Additionally, thiophenol and benzoic acid could be methylated under the applied conditions to give thioether 32 and ester 33 with good 77% and 80% yields, respectively.…”

“…Applications and divergent reactivity of trialkylammonium salts Trialkylammonium (specically N,N,N-trimethylanilinium) salts have found wide-ranging applications in synthesis, spanning phase-transfer catalysis, 1 supramolecular ion-pairing catalysis, 2,3 host-guest binding studies, 4 O-methylation, 5 O-arylation, 6 heteroatom arylations, 7 C-H methylation, 8 C-arylation, [9][10][11] uorine radiolabeling, [12][13][14][15] organometallic ligand design, [16][17][18][19][20][21] antimicrobial polymer design, 22 arene reduction, 23 pH sensing, 24 and a range of metal-catalysed cross-coupling methodologies. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The dichotomy of arylation versus methylation reactivity, while important for optimising the above-listed applications, is rarely studied in detail.…”

Using In Vivo Assessment on Host Defense Peptide Mimicking Polymer-Modified Surfaces for Combating Implant Infections

“…Apart from chemical grafting strategies, chemical deposition and physical adsorption are utilized to obtain antimicrobial surfaces modified with HDP-mimicking polymers. − Chemical strategies can help to obtain long-term stable antimicrobial surfaces, which show less susceptibility to antimicrobial resistance. However, these nonleaching surfaces cannot kill noncontacting bacteria that exist in the tissue surrounding the implants.…”