Antimicrobial activity of submicron glass fibres incorporated as a filler to a dental sealer

Abstract

Two types of antimicrobial glass fibers containing ZnO and CaO, with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to 1 µm, were successfully fabricated by a laser spinning technique. The antimicrobial performance was corroborated according to ISO 20743:2013, by using gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and yeast (Candida krusei) (more than 3 logs of reduction). The metabolic activity and endosomal system of eukaryotic cells were not altered by using eluents of CaO glass submicrometric fibers and ZnO fibers at 1 : 10 dilution as cellular media (viability rates over 70%). A dental material was functionalized by embedding ZnO nanofibers above the percolation threshold (20% wt), creating a three-dimensional (3D) fiber network that added an antimicrobial profile. This new ZnO glass fiber composite is proved non-cytotoxic and preserved the antimicrobial effect after immersion in human saliva. This is the first time that a fiber-reinforced liner with strong antimicrobial-activity has been created to prevent secondary caries. The potential of developing new fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) with antimicrobial properties opens up an extensive field of dental applications where most important diseases have an infectious origin.

Effect of the Medium Composition on the Zn2+ Lixiviation and the Antifouling Properties of a Glass with a High ZnO Content

“…In previous studies, the cytotoxicity of these glasses was evaluated for both powders and coatings using NIH-3T cells and the viability was >80% in all cases, which implies no cytotoxicity [23,33]. Considering the results obtained in this study, we can ensure that the glass shows excellent multifunctional performances as a bactericide agent and inhibits biofilm formation without cytotoxicity, which paves the way for major biomedical applications, i.e., dental care.…”

Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles in Dental Restorative Materials. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In relation to the type of nanoparticle incorporated, each study recorded the nanoparticles' mechanism of synthesis. It should be noted that only one of the studies considered the use of laser for nanoparticle synthesis [66]. Esteban-Tejada et al [66] used a CO 2 laser in their study, and although it was not used to generate the nanoparticles as such, it made it possible to assemble ZnO and CaO powders producing large quantities of nanometric and sub micrometric fibers.…”

“…It should be noted that only one of the studies considered the use of laser for nanoparticle synthesis [66]. Esteban-Tejada et al [66] used a CO 2 laser in their study, and although it was not used to generate the nanoparticles as such, it made it possible to assemble ZnO and CaO powders producing large quantities of nanometric and sub micrometric fibers. Although some studies have used lasers in the nanoparticle production process, to date, no published study has incorporated nanoparticles generated in-situ using laser into a dental material.…”

“…Among the studies that added TiO 2 NP, four used commercially available nanoparticles [16,18,23,64], and one chemically synthesized them from commercially available TiO 2 powder [9]. In studies that evaluated the addition of ZnO NP, four acquired them commercially [2,14,19,65], and one synthesized the nanoparticles using a CO 2 laser [66]. Of the studies that incorporated NaCP NP, quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM), and AgNP, nanoparticle synthesis was used for all compounds: NaCP NP was chemically synthesized using a spray-drying technique, Ag nanopowder was commercially acquired, and QADM was chemically synthesized using a modified Menshutkin reaction.…”

Dissolution and Phosphate-Induced Transformation of ZnO Nanoparticles in Synthetic Saliva Probed by AGNES without Previous Solid–Liquid Separation. Comparison with UF-ICP-MS

“…[1][2][3] The use of ZnO nanomaterials in dentistry has also attracted attention recently, due to their antimicrobial properties. 4,5 Some of the most common uses of ZnO NPs are generally regarded as safe for dermal application. 6,7 However, there are a number of studies reporting toxicological effects of ZnO NPs that might be relevant for other routes of exposure.…”