Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds extract from Saussurea costus against food spoilage microorganisms

Abstract

Saussurea costus had a wide range of antimicrobial activities which used as alternative for synthetic preservatives that threaten human health. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds in S. costus extract (SCE) and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganisms. HPLC and GC-MS were used to quantify the bioactive compounds in SCE. The results indicated that ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the highest levels of polyphenols followed by n-butanol, and then n-hexane extracts. The main phenolic compounds are Naringenin, Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, Ellagic acid, Gallic acid and coffeic acid followed by taxifolin, catechin, syringic acid, methyl gallate, vanillin, kaempferol, cinnamic acid and rutin. GC-MS results showed 14 compounds in S. costus extract. The antibacterial activity of S. costus ethanol extract increased by increasing the concentration of extract from 10 µl to 50 µl for each wells .The inhibition zones were 13 mm and 23mm for S. typhi and Staphylococccus aureus, respectively. Gram (+ve) bacteria found to be more sensitive to SCE than Gram (-ve) bacteria. Similarly; the antifungal activity was increased by increasing the concentration of SCE the inhibition zones were 15.5 mm and 22.5 mm for P. verecossum and A. ochraceous, respectively. A. ochraceous appeared to be more sensitive towards all concentration of the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SCE for both bacteria and fungi strains ranged from 0.08 -0.3 mg/ml and 0.25 -1.17 mg/ml, respectively. The results revealed that the SCE can play an important role against the human multi-drug resistant pathogens and can alternate the antibiotics as well as chemical preservatives to control infection and food spoilage contaminants.

Exploring the Antifungal Activity and Action of Saussurea costus Root Extracts against Candida albicans and Non-albicans Species

“…They were found in many plant families, such as Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Costaceae, and can cause toxicity [35]. The results obtained agreed with the formerly obtained results [17,32], which found that the main components isolated from S. costus roots are sesquiterpene lactones such as costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, which have antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic effects.…”

“…Using the "cup plate diffusion" method, the petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of S. lappa (synonym for S. costus) were tested against Gram + and Gram − bacteria; the chloroform extract yielded the best results [31]. S. costus extracts, according to [32], can play a significant role in the defense action against human multi-resistant bacteria and can be used instead of antibiotics in the treatment specific diseases. The current effectiveness of S. costus phytochemicals in controlling several C. albicans and NAC species advocates their applicability for combating other serious emerging species like C. auris.…”

Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi L.

“…These bioactive compounds in fruits methanolic extract possess effective antifungal [ 37 ] and antimicrobial activity [ 38 ], including polysaccharides, which act as an osmoprotective mechanism of plants involved in immunity [ 39 ]; organic acids used as herbicides, utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of the antiviral drugs and antibacterial agents [ 40 , 41 ]; fatty acids which play an important role in fungal resistance [ 42 , 43 ]; and antioxidant components, which help the plant to protect itself against various types of oxidative damage [ 44 ].…”

In vitro anticandidal activity of the secondary metabolites extracted from Saussurea Costus (Falc.) lipschitz roots

“…(Table : 1). Roots of this plant was cleaned, dried, and kept according to [11]. • Extraction of the Crude Alkaloid Compounds: Crude Alkaloid compounds were extracted according to [12].…”