Chromatography is the term used to describe a separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture is caused to move in contact with a selectively absorbent stationary phase. It also plays a fundamental role as an analytical technique for quality control and standardization of phyto therapeuticals. Gas Chromatography is used in the separation and analysis of multi component mixtures such as essential oils, hydrocarbons and solvents. Various temperature programs can be used to make the readings more meaningful; for example to differentiate between substances that behave similarly during the GC process. Intrinsically, with the use of the flame ionization detector and the electron capture detector (which have very high sensitivities) gas chromatography can quantitatively determine materials present at very low concentrations. Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities. In general, these secondary metabolites are an important source with a variety of structural arrangements and properties. Gas chromatography - specifically gas-liquid chromatography - involves a sample being vapourised and injected onto the head of the chromatographic column. The sample is transported through the column by the flow of inert, gaseous mobile phase. The column itself contains a liquid stationary phase which is adsorbed onto the surface of an inert solid. The principle of gas chromatography is adsorption and partition. Within the family of chromatography- based methods gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most widely used techniques. GC-MS has become a highly recommended tool for monitoring and tracking organic pollutants in the environment. GC-MS is exclusively used for the analysis of esters, fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes etc. It is the key tool used in sports anti-doping laboratories to test athlete’s urine samples for prohibited performanceenhancing drugs like anabolic steroids. Several GC-MS have left earth for the astro chemistry studies. As a unique and powerful technology the GC-MS provides a rare opportunity to perform the analysis of new compounds for characterization and identification of synthesized or derivatized compound.
The objectives of this study were analysis of the secondary metabolite products and evaluation antibacterial activity. Bioactives are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Thirty six bioactive compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Malva sylvestris. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of Malva sylvestris revealed the existence of the1-Propanamine , 2-methyl-N-(2-methylpropyldene)- , Pyrrolidine,1-(1-oxo-2,5-octadecadienyl)- , Dimethyl sulfoxide , Cyclohexylamine ,N-ethyl- , N-(2-Methylbutylidene)isobutylamine , 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolideethanol , 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperidine , 1-Butanamine , 2-methyl-N-(2-methylbutylidene)- , 4-(Pyrrolidin-2- ylcarbonyl)morpholine , Dithiocarbamate , S-methyl-,N-(2-methyl-3-oxobutyl)- , l-Gala-l-ido-octonic lactone , 1-(5'- methylfurfuryl)pyrrolidine , 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol , Pyrrolizin-1,7-dione-6-carboxylic acid , methyl(ester) , 1- Naphthaienol , 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,5,8-trimethyl- , Pterin-6-carboxylic acid , N-(2-Acetamido)iminodiacetic acid , N-(1- Hydroxy-4-oxo-1-phenylperhydroquinolizin-3-yl)carbamic , Cyclopropanedodecanoic acid , 2-octyl-,methyl ester , Cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-,(3β,5α)- , 3-(N,N-Dimethyllaurylammonio)propanesulfonate , Pyrazole[4,5-b]imidazole , 1-formyl-3-ethyl-6-β-d-ribofuranosyl- , Octahydrobenzo[b]pyran , 4a-acetoxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl- , Tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile , 4,6-Heptadien-3-one,1,7-diphenyl- , Pentanoic acid ,2,2,4-trimethyl-3-carboxyisopropyl , isobutyl ester , DFructose , diethyl mercaptal, pentaacetate , Phytol , Hexadecanamide , Tributyl acetylcitrate , Cholestan-3-one,cyclic 1,2- ethanediyl aetal , (5β)- , Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate ( ester)- , 9-Desoxo-9-x-acetoxy-3,8,12-tri-O-acetylingol , (+)-y-Tocopherol, O-methyl- , Campesterol and Stigmasterol.
Medicinal plants are part and parcel of human society to combat diseases from the dawn of civilization. According to World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the world population rely chiefly on plant based traditional medicine specially for their primary health care needs and there has been a worldwide move towards the use of traditional medicines due to concerns over the more invasive, expensive and potentially toxic main stream practices. This review gives a bird’s eye view on the updated information on urinary tract infections (UTIs), different categories of urologic herbs, historical use and modern scientific investigations on some important urologic herbs, clinical studies, some isolated chemical compounds and their possible side effects
Medicinal plants are part and parcel of human society to combat diseases from the dawn of civilization. According to World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the world population rely chiefly on plant based traditional medicine specially for their primary health care needs and there has been a worldwide move towards the use of traditional medicines due to concerns over the more invasive, expensive and potentially toxic main stream practices. This review gives a bird’s eye view on the updated information on urinary tract infections (UTIs), different categories of urologic herbs, historical use and modern scientific investigations on some important urologic herbs, clinical studies, some isolated chemical compounds and their possible side effects.
Plants play an important role in providing food for humans. Among plants economic significance medicinal and aromatic plants which played a critical where it used as therapeutic agents to a long time. Thirty bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Sinapis arvensis: Erythritol , Nitro-2-propanol , Cyclopentanemethylamine ,2-isopropylidene-N,N,5-trimethyl, Furfural , 3-(1,3-Dihydroxyisopropyl)-1,5,8,11- tetraoxacyclotridecane , 3-Azabutyl-1-ol,4-cyclopropyl-3,3-dimethyl-,bromide , 1-Butene , 4-isothiocyanato- , 2,4- Difluorobenzene , 1-benzyloxy- , Eicosanoic acid , phenylmethyl ester , α-D-Glucopyranoside ,O-α-D-glucopyranosyl- (1.fwdarw.3)-β- , Trigonelline , 4H-Pyran-4-one ,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl , Estragole , Pentanenitrile , 5- (methylthio)- , 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural , Eugenol , Maltose , 2H-Thiopyran-3,5-diol ,tetrahydro-4-nitro-,monoacetate ( ester) , Tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile , 3,6-Diazahomoadamantan-9-one Hydrazone , 9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)- triene-3,24,25-triol , (3β,5Z,7E)- , 13-Heptadecyn-1-ol , Tributyl acetylcitrate , E)-13-Docosenoic acid , Phthalic acid , decyl oct-3-yl ester , γ-Tocopherol , Desoxo-9x-hydroxy-7-ketoingol 3,8,9,12-tetraacetate , Campesterol , γ-Sitosterol , . The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular formula, MS Fragment- ions and Pharmacological actions.
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