Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Catheter Lock Solution

Shah, Chirag; Mittelman, Marc W.; Costerton, J. William; Parenteau, Stephen; Pelak, Michael; Arsenault, Richard; Mermel, Leonard A.

doi:10.1128/aac.46.6.1674-1679.2002

Cited by 175 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The number of strains which were totally killed is listed (detection level, ten microorganisms) cidal effect on E. faecalis ATCC 29213, which is known as the test strain for antiseptics; the MBC for that species was 0.4% being 40% of the normal concentration. Thus, the present results confirm earlier MIC and MBC values reported for taurolidine, even a larger difference between MIC and MBC values for E. faecalis [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Efficacy of taurolidine against periodontopathic species—an in vitro study

et al. 2011

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The antimicrobial effect of taurolidine was tested against periodontopathic species in comparison to chlorhexidine digluconate in the presence or absence of serum. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), microbiocidal concentrations (MBC), as well as killing were determined against 32 different microbial strains including 3 Porphyromonas gingivalis, 3 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and 15 potentially superinfecting species with and without 25% v/v human serum. The MIC 50 of taurolidine against the tested microbial strains was 0.025% and the MIC 90 0.05%. The respective values for the MBCs were 0.05% and 0.1%. Addition of 25% serum (heat-inactivated) did not change the MIC and MBC values of taurolidine. In contrast, MICs and MBCs of chlorhexidine (CHX) increased by two steps after addition of serum. Taurolidine killed microorganisms in a concentration and timedependent manner, the killing rate of 1.6% taurolidine was 99.08%±2.27% in mean after 2 h. Again, killing activity of taurolidine was not affected if serum was added, whereas addition of inactivated serum clearly reduced the killing rate of all selected bacterial strains by CHX. Therefore, taurolidine possesses antimicrobial properties which are not reduced in the presence of serum as a main component in gingival crevicular fluid and wound fluid. Taurolidine may have potential as an antimicrobial agent in non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Efficacy of taurolidine against periodontopathic species—an in vitro study

et al. 2011

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“…Infections on indwelling devices such as intravenous, urinary, and peritoneal dialysis catheters and endotracheal tubes are perhaps the best studied (2,30). In these studies, both standard antibiotics delivered at higher doses and agents not previously described as having antibacterial activity have been demonstrated to be effective against biofilms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinically Feasible Biofilm Susceptibility Assay for Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

et al. 2004

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of chronic airway infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). CF airway isolates are often tested for antibiotic susceptibility but are rarely eradicated by the antibiotics identified as potentially effective. The growth state of P. aeruginosa in CF airways is probably different from that exhibited under conventional susceptibility testing conditions and may represent a bacterial biofilm. Biofilm susceptibility testing methods were adapted to create an assay for implementation in a clinical microbiology laboratory. This assay gave reproducible results when examined in 300 paired determinations with 12 antimicrobial agents, with a serious error rate of 5.7%. The biofilm assay was used retrospectively to test these 12 agents against 94 isolates from 41 CF patients. The biofilm inhibitory concentrations (BICs) were much higher than the corresponding conventionally determined MICs for the ␤-lactam antibiotics (median values: aztreonam, >128 g/ml versus 4 g/ml; ceftazidime, 128 g/ml versus 2 g/ml; piperacillin-tazobactam, 256 g/ml versus 4 g/ml; and ticarcillin-clavulanate, 512 g/ml versus 16 g/ml, respectively) and doxycycline (>64 g/ml versus 16 g/ml); and similar for meropenem (4 g/ml versus < 1 g/ml), ciprofloxacin (0.5 g/ml versus 1 g/ml), and the aminoglycosides amikacin (32 g/ml versus 16 g/ml), gentamicin (16 g/ml versus 8 g/ml), and tobramycin (4 g/ml versus 2 g/ml). The median BIC for azithromycin was 2 g/ml, whereas isolates were uniformly resistant when tested by standard methods. This demonstrates the feasibility of adapting biofilm susceptibility methods to the clinical microbiology laboratory and opens the way to examining whether biofilm testing might be used to select more effective antibiotic combinations for CF airway infections than methods in current use.

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“…Potential lock solutions include standard antibiotics (129) or antimicrobial agents, such as taurolidine and 30% citrate (163)(164)(165). Five randomized clinical trials documented substantial efficacy of antibiotic locks (gentamicin, minocycline, or cefotaxime) in prophylaxis against catheter-related bacteremia (114,166 -169) (Table 6).…”

Section: Prophylaxis Of Catheter-related Bacteremiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Management of Vascular Access

Allon¹

2007

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

244

231

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Optimizing vascular access outcomes remains an ongoing challenge for clinical nephrologists. All other things being equal, fistulas are preferred over grafts, and grafts are preferred over catheters. Mature fistulas have better longevity and require fewer interventions, as compared with mature grafts. The major hurdle to increasing fistula use is the high rate of failure to mature of newly created fistulas. There is a desperate need for enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of failure to mature and the optimal type and timing of interventions to promote maturity. Grafts are prone to frequent stenosis and thrombosis. Surveillance for graft stenosis with preemptive angioplasty may reduce graft thrombosis, but recent randomized clinical trials have questioned the efficacy of this approach. Graft stenosis results from aggressive neointimal hyperplasia, and pharmacologic approaches to slowing this process are being investigated in clinical trials. Catheters are prone to frequent thrombosis and infection. The optimal management of catheter-related bacteremia is a subject of ongoing debate. Prophylaxis of catheter-related bacteremia continues to generate important clinical research. Close collaboration among nephrologists, surgeons, radiologists, and the dialysis staff is required to optimize vascular access outcomes and can be expedited by having a dedicated access coordinator to streamline the process. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the current status of vascular access management.

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Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Catheter Lock Solution

Cited by 175 publications

References 26 publications

Efficacy of taurolidine against periodontopathic species—an in vitro study

Efficacy of taurolidine against periodontopathic species—an in vitro study

Clinically Feasible Biofilm Susceptibility Assay for Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Current Management of Vascular Access

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