Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Mouthwash Prepared from Azadirachta indica and Stevia rebaudiana Extract– An In vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: Mouth wash are generally utilized as subordinates to oral cleanliness and in the conveyance of dynamic specialists to the teeth and gums. These flushes can impact plaque development and adjust the course of gingival irritation. Azadirachta indica (Neem) was utilized to treat different skin illnesses, as a disinfectant substance and as a natural mouthwash. Stevia rebaudiana can inhibit the growth of microorganisms that are responsible for dental caries.
 Aim: This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity from Neem and Stevia based Mouthwash.
 Materials and Methods: Plant extract was prepared and an antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect was done by considering various parameters. The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles prepared using plant extract was investigated and the results of the test were described as the standard deviation and analyzed. For the cytotoxic activity, an ELISA plate was used, wherein the mortality rate of the nauplii was estimated with the plant extract mediated nanoparticles at different concentrations. Data’s were statistically analyzed by Spearman correlation through SPSS version 23.
 Results: Anti-microbial activity showed positive correlation with increase in concentration (r=1). The cytotoxic activity showed negative correlation with the number of live nauplii decreased in the second day when compared to the first day suggesting that the extract has potent cytotoxic activity (r=-1).
 Conclusion: Neem and Stevia extract helped us to detect the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect on the various species in different concentration levels. The study needs to be evaluated further for isolating the possible compounds to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity in the oral cavity of the human body to prevent various diseases.

In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Neem and Kirata herbal formulation mediated Silver nanoparticles

“…The cytotoxic activity was also found to be comparatively decreased. gram-positive microorganisms when used as a mouthwash [19].…”

“…Muhammed et al in study stated that various fractions of methanolic extract of S. chirata possessed antioxidant, antimicrobial, and brine shrimp cytotoxic and anti-leishmanial activities [ 18 ]. Maheshwaran et al showed effective antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Neem when added with Stevia against gram-positive microorganisms when used as a mouthwash [ 19 ]. Herbal formulation of Pterocarpus santalinus with red sandal-mediated silver nanoparticles had a moderate cytotoxic effect against oral pathogens [ 20 ].…”

Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity of Aqua Alcoholic Extract of Boerhaavia diffusa Against Oral Pathogens -An In vitro Study

“…Stevia rebaudiana and Azadirachta indica against S.mutans, E.foecalis, S.aureus and C.albicans resulted with excellent antimicrobial activity against E.foecalis and S.mutans with a zone of inhibition of 35mm and 27mm [40]. Rotenoids are prototype compound named rotenone and isoflavonoids derivative a mitochondrial inhibitor causes ion inhibition electron transport chain in mitochondria at complex I, "toxophore" prenyl-derived ring of rotenoid structure and dimethoxy substitute to rotenone.…”

Formulation of Quercetin Mouthwash and Anti-microbial Potential Against Critical Pathogens: An In-Vitro Evaluation

“…Numerous pharmacological effects of quercetin include antioxidant, anti-cancer, antiviral, antibacterial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular. Also, it is recently recognized as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) status by the United States Food and Drug Organization [ 4 - 6 ].…”