Antimicrobial activity and acetilcolinesterase inhibition of oils and Amazon fruit extracts

Abstract

The present work consists of the evaluation of antimicrobial activity and inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of fixed oils and hexane extracts of nine fruits with the following native names: abiu (Pouteria caimito), acerola (Malpighia emarginata), araçá (Psidium cattleianum), bacuparí (Rheedia gardneriana), biribá (Rollinia mucosa), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa), graviola (Annona muricata) and taperebá (Spondias mombin L.). Different evaluations were carried out with different parts of the fruits, pulp, seed and barks. The antimicrobial assay was carried out with the following microorganisms: Candida albicans ATCC 18804, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29212, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. Of these microorganisms, the best inhibition results were obtained for yeast C. albicans with percent inhibition of 94.46% by taperebá barks extracts, acerola barks (87.12%), araçá seed (85.23%) and taperebá pulp (85.22%). Against the bacteria tested, percent inhibition was low, showing that the extracts have good antifungal selectivity. Some extracts were able to inhibit the enzyme AChE and high percentage of inhibition was observed for the oils, especially from biribá barks, with 86.39% inhibition, taperebá seeds with 62.17% and acerola pulp with 52.18%. Methods of Multivariate Analysis were applied through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical component analysis (HCA), to establish correlations and groupings between the data obtained, justifying 82.3% of cases for pulps, 73.2% for the barks and 65.7% for the seeds according to the PCA.

Acerola (Malpighia spp.) Waste: A Sustainable Approach to Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, and Energy Applications

“…A complete characterization of other parts and tissues of this plant could yield new and valuable information on other properties that could differ from those of other structures analyzed. Antihyperglycemic: [16], antitumor: [26] Antigenotoxic: [27]; Hepatoprotective: [16,28,29], Antimutagenic: [16], Antimicrobial: [17,24], Antiobesity: [25]; Antifungal: [22,30], , Free radical scavenging: [30]. ; Anti-inflamatory: [16], Antihyperglycemic: [16], antitumor: [26] Antigenotoxic: [27]; Hepatoprotective: [16,28,29], Antimutagenic: [16], Antimicrobial: [17,24], Antiobesity: [25]; Antifungal: [22,30], Free radical scavenging: [30].…”

“…Antihyperglycemic: [16], antitumor: [26] Antigenotoxic: [27]; Hepatoprotective: [16,28,29], Antimutagenic: [16], Antimicrobial: [17,24], Antiobesity: [25]; Antifungal: [22,30], , Free radical scavenging: [30]. ; Anti-inflamatory: [16], Antihyperglycemic: [16], antitumor: [26] Antigenotoxic: [27]; Hepatoprotective: [16,28,29], Antimutagenic: [16], Antimicrobial: [17,24], Antiobesity: [25]; Antifungal: [22,30], Free radical scavenging: [30]. (1980) and Brücher (1989) [20,21].…”

“…No literature was found concerning the properties of the Malpighia spp flowers (figure self-made). References for Activity: Antioxidative: [22][23][24][25]; Anti-inflamatory:[16 Antihyperglycemic: [16], antitumor: [26] Antigenotoxic: [27]; Hepatoprotective: [16,28,29 Antimutagenic: [16], Antimicrobial: [17,24], Antiobesity: [25]; Antifungal: [22,30], , Free radica scavenging: [30].…”

“…Secondary metabolites produced by plants have a defensive function when certain microorganisms, such as viruses, parasites, fungi, or bacteria, attack them. The compounds with antibacterial action are usually terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, polypeptides, coumarins, and camphor [34,36,95,96]. The antimicrobial activity of different acerola extracts has been evaluated using methods such as agar diffusion assay, disc diffusion test, and minimal inhibitory concentration evaluation (MIC) assay.…”

“…Motohashi et al (2004) used different solvents to prepare extracts from frozen and fresh acerola fruits, showing relatively high activity against S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa [82]. Montero et al (2020) studied the antimicrobial properties of hexane extracts from pulp, barks, and seeds. Their results showed that pulp and seed extracts have the greatest activity against E. coli compared to all the other fruits tested.…”