Antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of extracts from Orthosiphon stamineus in hyperuricemic mice

Abstract

Objectives To investigate the antihyperuricemia and nephroprotective effects of Orthosiphon stamineus extracts on hyperuricemia (HUA) mice and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods Orthosiphon stamineus extracts were extracted using 50% ethanol and enriched using ethyl acetate, and characterised utilising UPLC/ESI‐MS. A potassium oxonate (PO) induced hyperuricemic mouse model was used to evaluate antihyperuricemia and nephroprotective effects of O. stamineus ethyl acetate extracts (OSE). Key findings Eight constituents from OSE were identified and OSE treatment ameliorated HUA by regulating key indicators of kidney dysfunction and xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase activity and urate transporters in hyperuricemic mice. Moreover, in renal histopathology analysis, OSE significantly alleviated kidney injury. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that OSE has antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects on PO‐induced HUA mice and those results indicate that OSE could be a safe and effective agent or functional ingredient for treating HUA.

A Lanosteryl Triterpene (RA-3) Exhibits Antihyperuricemic and Nephroprotective Effects in Rats

“…This could further be correlated with the suppressed XO activity in these groups. Since XO activity is known to trigger inflammatory reactions and consequent tissue damage [ 22 ], the observed results further indicated the tissue protective potential of the triterpene.…”

“…Blood UA levels are physiologically regulated by XO activity, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of UA from xanthine. The XO catalyzed reaction also generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can trigger inflammatory reactions and consequent tissue damage [ 22 ]. The reduced serum levels of UA along with decreased XO activity in the triterpene treated groups supported the antihyperuricemic effect of RA-3.…”

An integrative analysis to predict the Active Ingredients and explore Polypharmacological Mechanisms of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. for human health

“…They further investigated the primary mechanisms that indicated O. aristatus probably increases the sensitivity of pancreatic beta cells to insulin or (and) peripheral utilization of glucose by the tissues for lowering plasma glucose [50,53]. Meanwhile, Chen and Xu et al [9,54] evaluated the function of anti-gout in mice. They showed that ethanolic and ethyl acetate fraction of O. aristatus possessed lowering serum uric acid (UA) and relieving pain because of the increasing excretion and the suppressing production of the UA, anti-inflammation, and analgesia.…”

“…Meanwhile, Chen and Xu et al . (Xu et al, 2020; Chen et al, 2020) evaluated the function of anti-gout in mice. They showed that ethanolic and ethyl acetate fraction of O. aristatus possessed lowering serum uric acid (UA) and relieving pain because of the increasing excretion and the suppressing production of the UA, anti-inflammation, and analgesia.…”

“…So, it is reasonable to conduct a targeted therapy if the Arachidonic acid metabolism has been impacted by O. aristatus . Besides, it seems compelling for O. aristatus to treat nephritis(Xu et al, 2020; Domitrovic et al, 2014; Luo et al, 2018), calculus(Akanae et al, 2010), urinary tract infection, hypertension(Azizan, 2012), liver damage(Yam et al, 2007), atherosclerosis(Mohd et al, 2019), and gastritis(Yuniarto, 2017) in numerous animal experiments. A few investigations also evaluated its neuroprotection in epilepsy, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease(Chung et al, 2020).…”