Antihypertensive potential of the aqueous extract which combine leaf of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae), stems and leaf of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C) Stapf. (Poaceae), fruits of Citrus medical L. (Rutaceae) as well as honey in ethanol and sucrose experimental model

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract obtained from the mixture of fresh leaf of Persea americana, stems and fresh leaf of Cymbopogon citratus, fruits of Citrus medica and honey on ethanol and sucrose induced hypertension in rats.MethodsRats were divided into eight groups of 6 rats each and daily treated for 5 weeks. The control group received distilled water (1 mL/kg) while rats of groups 2, 3 and 4 received ethanol 40 degrees (3 g/kg/day), 10% sucrose as drinking water and the two substances respectively. The remaining groups received in addition to sucrose and ethanol, the aqueous extract (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) or nifedipine (10 mg/kg) respectively. Many parameters including hemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological were assessed at the end of the study.ResultsThe concomitant consumption of ethanol and sucrose significantly (p < 0.001) increased the blood pressure and the heart rate compared to distilled water treated-rats. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic index, glucose, proteins, AST, ALT, creatinin, potassium, sodium and albumin increased while the HDL-cholesterol decreased under ethanol and sucrose feeding. Chronic ethanol and sucrose intake significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitrites whereas elevated the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histological analysis revealed among other vascular congestion, inflammation, tubular clarification and thickening of the vessel wall in rats treated with alcohol and sucrose. Administration of the aqueous extract or nifedipine prevented the hemodynamic, biochemical, oxidative and histological impairments induced chronic ethanol and sucrose consumption.ConclusionCurrent results suggest that the aqueous extract used in this study possess antihypertensive activity against ethanol and sucrose induced hypertension in rats by the improvement of biochemical and oxidative status, and by protecting liver, kidney and vascular endothelium against damages induced by chronic consumption of ethanol and sucrose.

Effects of Avocado (Persea americana)on Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

“…It is also known as ‘alligator pear’ or ‘butter pear’ (Lacerda et al , ). Avocado is consumed, not only for its flavor, but also for its high nutritional value and beneficial health effects (Meyer and Terry, ) including hypoglycaemic (Ezejiofor et al , ), antihypertensive (Dzeufiet et al , ), antioxidant (Nagaraj et al , ), anti‐obesity (Monika and Geetha, ), hypolipidemic (Pahua‐Ramos et al , ) (Fig. ), antilithiasis (Wientarsih et al , ), anticonvulsant (Ojewole and Amabeoku, ), antimicrobial (Pradeep et al , ), antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial (Jiménez‐Arellanes et al , ), hepatoprotective (Mahmoed and Rezq, ), antiosteoarthritis (Christiansen et al , ) and chemo‐protective (Paul et al , ).…”

The phytochemistry of Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil from Lombok Island, Indonesia and its antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi

“…Several bioassays have shown pharmacological evidence of some Cymbopogon species. C. citratus was found to express pharmacologic effects as cytotoxicity (Kpoviessi et al 2014), insecticidal (Pinto et al 2013), antitrypanosomal (Kpoviessi et al 2014), anti-diabetic (Bharti et al 2013), antihypertensive (Dzeufiet et al 2014), antioxidant (Somparn et al 2014), anti-inflammatory (Tavares et al 2015), hepatoprotective (Rahim et al 2014), antifungal (Amornvit et al 2014), and antimalaria (Chukwuocha et al 2016). Biological assay of C. martinii extracts revealed a potential of this species as a strong antioxidant (Andrade et al 2014a), and anti-inflammatory (Andrade et al 2014b).…”

Effect of nifedipine and glibenclamide addition in a model of high fat diet- induced hypertension and hyperlipidemia in rabbits receiving donepezil.

“…It was also shown that calcium disarrangement and free radical formation play a role in hepatotoxicity and nifedipine was shown to decrease MDA, increase GSH and SOD in diethyl dithiocarbamate-induced hepatic toxicity in rats [16]. Additionally, Nifedipine was shown to increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase; elevate the contents of GSH and nitrites; and decrease the MDA levels [17].…”